GGrantIndex
← Search

SCIENCE GOAL. THE SCIENCE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO DETERMINE THE SYSTEM-LEVEL EVOLUTION OF FINE-SCALE (0.05 EARTH RADII RE) DENSITY STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH'S PLASMASPHERE ON 1 TO 2 MINUTE TIME SCALES. FINE-SCALE COLD PLASMA STRUCTURE CAN EXERT A CRITICAL INFLUENCE ON WAVE AND PARTICLE DYNAMICS OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE. METHOD. TO ACHIEVE THE PROJECT SCIENCE GOAL WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP THE HIGH RESOLUTION PLASMASPHERE OBSERVATORY (HRPO) A PROTOTYPE WIDE-FIELD EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) CAMERA WITH ORDER-OF-MAGNITUDE IMPROVED SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTION COMPARED TO ANY PREVIOUSLY FLOWN PLASMASPHERE IMAGER. THE IMAGE EUV IMAGER FEATURED A LARGE (~30 DEGREES) FIELD-OF-VIEW BUT A RELATIVELY POOR (~0.6 DEGREES) SPATIAL RESOLUTION. IMAGE EUV WAS LIMITED BY A DETECTOR OBSCURING MOST OF THE ENTRANCE APERTURE (REDUCING THROUGHPUT AND DESIGN FLEXIBILITY). IMAGE EUV INCLUDED A SPHERICAL-SURFACE DETECTOR THAT WAS EXPENSIVE AND DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE. IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTIVE COATINGS OPTICAL SURFACE MANUFACTURING AND DETECTOR SENSITIVITY ALLOW FOR A NEW TWO-MIRROR OFF-AXIS OPTICAL DESIGN WITH A FLAT FOCAL SURFACE. THE PROTOTYPE IMAGER [DAVIS ET AL. 2014 PROC SPIE DOI:10.1117/12.2057020] WILL BE BUILT ALIGNED CALIBRATED AND ENVIRONMENTALLY TESTED OVER A THREE-YEAR PERIOD RAISING THE TRL FROM 2 (SOFTWARE DESIGN) TO 5 (PROTOTYPE THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING). THERE ARE TWO MAIN DRIVING REQUIREMENTS OF THIS INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT: (1) ANGULAR RESOLUTION LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.36 DEGREES NEEDED TO RESOLVE 0.05 RE STRUCTURE (FROM A NOTIONAL 8 RE ORBIT) AND (2) EFFECTIVE AREA AT OR ABOVE 0.5 SQUARE CM NEEDED TO OBSERVE TENUOUS FINE STRUCTURE WITH A 1 TO 2 MIN IMAGE CADENCE. IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT (BUT NOT A DRIVING REQUIREMENT) TO MAXIMIZE THE CAMERA FIELD OF VIEW. THERE IS SIGNIFICANT MARGIN IN THE HRPO SOFTWARE DESIGN WHICH HAS 0.07 DEGREE ANGULAR RESOLUTION (FACTOR OF 5 BETTER THAN REQUIRED AND 9 TIMES BETTER THAN IMAGE EUV) AND EFFECTIVE AREA 1.2 SQUARE CM (FACTOR OF 2.4 BETTER THAN REQUIRED AND 4 TIMES BETTER THAN IMAGE). THE AVERAGE MARGIN ON PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CAMERA ELEMENTS (MULTILAYER MIRROR FILTER AND DETECTOR) IS 20%. WORK PLAN. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS TO ADVANCE THE TRL OF THE PROTOTYPE EUV IMAGER FROM 2 TO 5. THE FIRST YEAR WILL BE SPENT FINALIZING THE OPTICAL DESIGN AND PROCURING OPTICS. BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MIRRORS ARE ASPHERIC SO A YEAR IS AN APPROPRIATE AMOUNT OF TIME TO SPEND IN THEIR DESIGN AND FABRICATION. THE SECOND YEAR WILL BE SPENT APPLYING A MULTILAYER COATING SO THAT THE MIRRORS REJECT 58.4 AND 121.6 NM BACKGROUND LIGHT (CORRESPONDING TO NEUTRAL HE AND H EMISSIONS) WHILE REFLECTING 30.4 NM (HE+ EMISSION) SIGNAL LIGHT. THE COATING WORK WILL BE FOLLOWED BY CONSTRUCTION OF A BRASSBOARD INSTRUMENT UTILIZING THE NEW OPTICS AND IN-HOUSE EUV-SENSITIVE DETECTORS. THE THIRD YEAR WILL BE SPENT CALIBRATING THE SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENTALLY TESTING THE BRASSBOARD INSTRUMENT OVER EXPECTED VIBRATIONAL LAUNCH LOADS AND OPERATIONAL THERMAL EXTREMES. AT THE END OF YEAR 3 WE FORMULATE A DETAILED PLAN TO GET FROM TRL 5 TO TRL 6. IMPORTANCE RELEVANCE TO NASA. THE PLASMASPHERE HOLDS MOST OF THE MASS/INERTIA OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE. IT IS OF CENTRAL IMPORTANCE IN GEOSPACE AND HIGHLY RELEVANT TO THE NASA SMD SCIENCE PLAN AND THE HELIOPHYSICS DECADAL SURVEY. A NEXT-GENERATION STATE-OF-THE-ART EUV CAMERA ADVANCES THE TYPE OF SCIENCE THAT CAN BE DONE WITH PLASMASPHERIC IMAGING BY MAKING SYSTEM-LEVEL OBSERVATION OF CROSSSCALE PLASMA STRUCTURE A REALITY. THE DECADAL SURVEY'S HIGHEST RANKED NEW MAGNETOSPHERIC MISSION CONCEPT MEDICI REQUIRES AN EUV CAMERA WITH THE SAME MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SPATIAL/TEMPORAL RESOLUTION (0.05 RE 1 MIN) AS HRPO. THIS ITD IS AN INVALUABLE OPPORTUNITY TO QUALIFY HRPO: AN EUV CAMERA THAT MEETS/EXCEEDS RELEVANT DECADAL SURVEY REQUIREMENTS AND FILLS THE NEED FOR HIGH RESOLUTION SYSTEM-LEVEL PLASMASPHERIC IMAGING.

$780,465FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio TX

Investigators

View source on USAspending →