WE PROPOSE TO CHARACTERIZE AND UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES BEHIND THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF MARINE-TERMINATING GLACIER TERMINUS (I.E. CALVING FRONT) CHANGE FOR GREENLAND THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMI-AUTOMATED TERMINUS PICKER FOR USE WITH THE LANDSAT MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY ARCHIVE. IN OBSERVING HOW THE POSITION AND SHAPE OF THE TERMINUS CHANGE THROUGH TIME WE WILL GAIN UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESSES THAT MAY BE INFLUENCING THE MASS BALANCE OF THE ICE SHEET. NO COMPLETE ARCHIVE OF TERMINUS POSITIONS EXIST AND USUALLY ONLY A FEW PICKS ARE USED TO REPRESENT GLACIER CHANGES. THIS PROPOSAL AIMS TO DEVELOP A SEMI-AUTOMATED TERMINUS PICKER TO DETERMINE THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERN OF GLACIER TERMINUS CHANGE FOR ALL OF THE GREENLAND MARINE-TERMINATING GLACIERS AND DEVELOP THIS ARCHIVE. THE TERMINUS POSITIONS WILL BE OBTAINED BY USING IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND EDGE DETECTION ALGORITHMS THAT ENABLE THE CLASSIFICATION OF LAND SURFACES AT THE LEVEL OF DETAIL NEEDED FOR POLAR APPLICATIONS (IN PARTICULAR DELINEATING BETWEEN ICEBERG MELANGE AND CREVASSED GLACIER ICE). THE NASA LANDSAT MISSIONS HAVE PROVIDED A RECORD OF FREE CONTINUOUS MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGERY SINCE THE 1970'S WITH 16-18 DAY TEMPORAL RESOLUTION AND THUS CAN PROVIDE A ROBUST RECORD OF TERMINUS POSITION THROUGH TIME. USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE A CLOUD-BASED PLATFORM FOR GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS AND LANDSAT IMAGERY WE WILL CLASSIFY IMAGES OF CALVING FRONTS INTO DIFFERENT CLASSES BASED ON SHARED CHARACTERISTICS AND CREATE MASKS FOR EACH IMAGE THAT ARE LABELED WITH TERRAIN TYPE. EDGE-DETECTION ALGORITHMS WILL THEN EXTRACT OUT THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ICE AND WATER OR ICE AND MELANGE TO ENABLE TERMINUS IDENTIFICATION WITHIN MASKED REGIONS. THIS PROCESS IS RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD FOR REGIONS WHERE THE ICE/OCEAN BOUNDARY IS SIMPLE HOWEVER WE WILL ALSO APPLY IT TO MORE COMPLEX SCENES (E.G. ICE MELANGE PRESENCE LOW SOLAR ILLUMINATION) BY EXPLOITING TEXTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TERRAIN TYPES. ONCE COMPLETE THE TERMINUS DATA FOR GREENLAND OUTLET GLACIERS WILL BE COMPARED TO OTHER NASA-FUNDED DATASETS SUCH AS OPERATION ICEBRIDGE AND OCEANS MELTING GREENLAND BATHYMETRY CONSTRAINED BED TOPOGRAPHY AND ICESAT-2 AND THE POLAR GEOSPATIAL CENTER'S DIGITALGLOBE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS. WE PLAN TO EXAMINE RETREAT RATES AND BED GEOMETRY FOR ALL OUTLET GLACIERS AND ANALYZE INDIVIDUAL AND REGIONAL GLACIER BEHAVIOR TO PRODUCE THE MOST COMPLETE ARCHIVE OF GLACIER CHANGES FOR THE ICE SHEET. BY BUILDING A COMPLETE RECORD OF TERMINUS CHANGE IN GREENLAND WE CAN INVESTIGATE THE CONTROLS ON CALVING RETREAT AND LONG-TERM CHANGES IN TERMINUS POSITION THAT OCCUR. ALL DATA AND CODE PRODUCED FROM THIS EFFORT WILL BE MADE PUBLIC TO ENABLE NEAR-REAL TIME TERMINUS DATA FOR GREENLAND TO BE FREELY AVAILABLE
$135,000FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Texas At Austin, Austin TX