THIS RESEARCH PROGRAM FOCUSES ON AIR-IONIC LIQUID SOLID-IONIC LIQUID AND VACUUM-IONIC LIQUID INTERFACES IN MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT FOR ON-BOARD CO2 REMOVAL FROM AIR. THE PROPOSED AIR REVITALIZATION SYSTEM TAKES ADVANTAGE OF THE HIGH ABSORPTION CAPACITY AND SELECTIVITY OF IONIC LIQUIDS (ILS) TOWARDS CO2. ILS ARE NONFLAMMABLE SOLVENTS THAT ARE COMPOSED SOLELY OF IONS. CURRENT STATE OF THE ART MATERIALS INCLUDING ZEOLITE OR SILICA GEL ADSORBATES AND AMINE-BASED ABSORBERS FOR CO2 SCRUBBING IN SPACECRAFT AND INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION PRESENT CHALLENGES WHICH ILS CAN MITIGATE. SPECIFICALLY ILS HAVE THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: (I) FREE OF DUST AND CONTAINMENT IMPACT DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS (II) NEGLIGIBLE VOLATILITY HENCE LACK OF ODOR AND INHALATION HAZARDS (III) TAILORABLE BINDING ENERGY WITH CO2 AND (IV) TUNABLE ABSORPTION CAPACITY WITH RESPECT TO PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2. FURTHERMORE A CO2 REMOVAL SYSTEM BASED ON ILS CAN BE EASILY ADAPTED FOR POST-PROCESSING OF CO2 BY ELECTROCHEMICAL MEANS WHERE ILS CAN ALSO SERVE AS THE ELECTROLYTE. IN MICROGRAVITY CONTAINMENT OF ILS IS NECESSARY WHILE ENSURING STABLE AIR/LIQUID AND SOLID/LIQUID INTERFACES OVER A LARGE SURFACE AREA. TO ADDRESS THESE REQUIREMENTS THE PROPOSED RESEARCH CONFINES ILS INTO A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE THAT IS MADE OF POLY(IONIC LIQUID) (PIL). COULOMBIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PIL AND IL WILL STABILIZE THE SOLID-IL INTERFACE AND PREVENT LEAKAGE OF THE IL OUT OF THE MEMBRANE. PIL-IL FACILITATES TRANSPORT OF CO2 ACROSS THE MEMBRANE DUE TO THE CO2-AFFINITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE IL WHILE IT IS IMPERMEABLE TO OTHER GASES. THIS MEMBRANE WILL BE FURTHER BE REINFORCED BY A LAYER OF REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE (RGO-IL) CAPSULES WITH IL CORES THAT ARE CROSS-LINKED VIA A CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ON BOTH THE CO2-LEAN AND CO2-RICH SIDES. THE SPECIFIC UTILITY OF THE RGO-IL CAPSULE LAYER IS FOUR-FOLD: (1) MECHANICAL REINFORCEMENT FOR PIL-IL (2) LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR AIR/IL INTERFACE TO IMPROVE MASS TRANSFER (3) MOLECULAR SIEVING OF CO2 AND (4) ELECTRODES FOR IN-SITU ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CO2 TO GENERATE O2 IN FUTURE ADAPTATION. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH PROGRAM DEVELOPS NEW MATERIALS TO REDUCE CABIN CO2 CONCENTRATION WITH AN ABILITY TO INTEGRATE INTO A LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FUTURE EXPLORATION MISSION ARCHITECTURES SPACECRAFT DESIGNS AND HABITAT DESIGNS. THIS RESEARCH SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES THE NEEDS OUTLINED IN 2015 NASA TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS REPORT: HUMAN HEALTH LIFE SUPPORT AND HABITATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY AREA 6. THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ARE: (1) SYNTHESIS OF THE PIL-IL MEMBRANE AND RGO-IL LAYER AND (2) CHARACTERIZATION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DEPENDENT CO2 CAPACITY PERMEABILITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE FINAL ASSEMBLY. THE GOAL IS TO FINE-TUNE THE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES THAT INCLUDES THE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE PIL-IL AND MEET THE SPECIFIC SIZE WEIGHT AND POWER REQUIREMENTS. THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF THIS PI'S RESEARCH PROGRAM IS TO CLOSE THE GAP IN THE AIR-WATER CHEMICAL CYCLE; AN UNMET NEED FOR NASA'S ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS.
$596,961FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH