THE PRIMARY RESEARCH AREAS OF THE PROPOSAL INCLUDED THE DEVELOPMENT AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL PARAMAGNETIC FLUOROUS IONIC LIQUIDS (PFILS); THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS RELEVANT TO CO2 SCRUBBING; THE DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D PRINTED MAGNETIC SUPPORT STRUCTURE FOR A NOVEL MAGNETICALLY SUPPORTED IONIC LIQUID MEMBRANE; AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETOCALORIC PUMPING ACROSS THE MEMBRANE WITH OUR SYNTHESIZED PARAMAGNETIC ILS. THIS CAN BE SUMMARIZED BY 3 RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS WITH INDEPENDENT OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS: 1) PFIL DEVELOPMENT TARGETING INTERMOLECULAR FREE SPACE CO2 SELECTIVITY AND OPTIMUM MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 2) MEASUREMENT AND STUDY OF THE INTERDEPENDENCY OF PFIL STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS TO OPTIMIZE FOR THE PHYSICAL ADSORPTION AND SELECTIVITY/TRANSPORT OF CO2 3) DEVELOPMENT OF A MAGNETICALLY SUPPORTED PFIL MEMBRANE AND A MAGNETOCALORIC PUMPING REGENERATION SYSTEM FOR CO2 LOADED PFIL WE WILL EXPLORE AND DEVELOP A NOVEL FLUOROALKYL SUBSTITUTED IONIC LIQUID SYNTHESIS ROUTE THROUGH THIOL-ENE CLICK REACTIONS INITIATED THROUGH VARIOUS MEANS INCLUDING MICROWAVE AND PHOTO-INITIATION AVOIDING THE DANGEROUS MANIPULATION OF HF. FLUOROUS PARAMAGNETIC ANIONS CAN BE FABRICATED THROUGH A COMBINATION OF METATHESIS AND SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS. GADOLINIUM AND DYSPROSIUM HALIDES CAN BE USED TO SYNTHESIZE PARAMAGNETIC ANIONS AND CAN MAXIMIZE THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN IL. WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY DEMONSTRATED THE USE OF IRON (III) CHLORIDE IN OUR GROUP FOR THIS PURPOSE. THIS EFFORT WILL PRODUCE A LIBRARY OF PFILS WHICH CAN BE OPTIMIZED FOR MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY REDUCED SURFACE TENSION INCREASED FREE VOLUME AND CO2 SELECTIVITY. EFFICIENT AND REVERSIBLE CO2 CAPTURE WITH PFIL-BASED SOLVENTS DEMANDS SYSTEMATIC AND COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF IL STRUCTURES IL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CO2 ABSORPTION/DESORPTION PERFORMANCE. OUR LIBRARY OF PFILS WILL ENABLE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS SUCH AS CO2 SOLUBILITY AND SELECTIVITY AND DESORPTION ENTHALPY WHICH IS A KEY STEP MEET THE CHALLENGES AND SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS OUTLINED BY NASA. THE ISS PRESSURIZED VOLUME IS NEARLY 920 M3 MEANING THE SYSTEM WILL NEED TO REMOVE 4.29 MMOL CO2 M-3 HR-1 FOR A 4 PERSON CREW. THIS DEMONSTRATES THE NEED FOR FAST KINETICS AND FAST TRANSPORT. ILS PRESENT A CHALLENGE IN THIS WAY. ILS HAVE RELATIVELY HIGH VISCOSITY COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS WHICH CREATES A PERMEABILITY/SELECTIVITY TRADE-OFF AND AN INCREASED POWER DEMAND WHEN PUMPING ILS. WE ADDRESS THIS CHALLENGE VIA SYNTHESIS OF PFILS; BY REDUCING SURFACE TENSION AND BY OPTIMIZING PARAMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AN IL PROPERTY NOT YET EXPLORED FOR USE IN CO2 SCRUBBING. THE PROPOSED SUPPORTED PFIL SYSTEM WILL SUPPLANT TYPICAL MEMBRANE MATERIALS WITH A FERROMAGNETIC SUPPORT STRUCTURE VIA 3D PRINTING. THIS WILL ALLOW THE DESIGN OF A MORE OPEN (LARGE PORE) SUPPORT STRUCTURE IN WHICH MAGNETIC FORCE CAN ANCHOR THE PARAMAGNETIC IL TO THE SURFACE PREVENTING AEROSOLIZATION IN MICROGRAVITY. ADDITIONALLY WE CAN INDUCE A MAGNETOCALORIC CONVECTION ACROSS THE MEMBRANE WHICH WILL ALLOW THE SYSTEM TO PERFORM BEYOND THE DIFFUSION RATE LIMITS OF TYPICAL ILS. THE SYSTEM GAINS THE ADVANTAGES OF FORCED CONVECTION WITH LITTLE TO NO POWER DEMAND. THE INVESTIGATIONS/OBJECTIVES PRESENTED ABOVE SEEK TO ADDRESS THE TARGETS AND CONCERNS AS PUT FORTH BY THE SOLICITATION. THE CAPABILITY OF ILS TO SELECTIVELY ABSORB CO2 AND EFFICIENTLY STRIP CO2 FOR REGENERATION OF THE ISS AIR SUPPLY IS BASED ON THE WELL-ESTABLISHED KNOWLEDGE THAT ILS CAN PHYSISORB CO2 WITH VARIABLE SELECTIVITY BASED ON THE IL STRUCTURE. THE ADDED BENEFIT OF A MAGNETICALLY SUPPORTED PFIL SYSTEM IS THAT WE CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY OPTIMIZE THE IL FOR ABSORPTION AND SELECTIVITY WHILE CREATING A LIQUID WITH UNIQUE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES THAT WILL ENABLE AN EXPONENTIAL INCREASE IN CAPABILITY.
$599,997FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
North Carolina Agricultural And Technical State University