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AGN RADIO OUTFLOWS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FEEDBACK PROCESS GOVERNING THE CO-EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES. HOWEVER PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT LEAD TO TRIGGERING SUCH OUTFLOWS ARE NOT WELL STUDIED BECAUSE MOST OF THE OBSERVED RADIO STRUCTURES ARE OLD (>100 000 YEARS). TO DATE THERE ARE ONLY A FEW DOZEN COMPACT (<1 KPC) RADIO SOURCES (SO-CALLED COMPACT SYMMETRIC OBJECTS; CSOS) FOR WHICH THE AGE HAS BEEN MEASURED USING THE ADVANCE VELOCITY OF THE RADIO HOTSPOTS AND INDICATES THAT THE CSO JETS ARE YOUNG (<2 000 YEARS OLD). ONLY 16 CSOS WITH KNOWN AGE HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN SOFT X-RAYS (<10 KEV) AND APPEAR TO BE XRAY FAINT DUE TO EITHER HIGH OBSCURATION OR WEAKNESS OF THE X-RAY EMISSION. COMPETING THEORETICAL SCENARIOS FOR THE X-RAY EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH THE YOUNG RADIO JETS INCLUDE: AN AGN CORONA VISIBLE DIRECTLY OR THROUGH REFLECTION/SCATTERING INVERSE COMPTON SCATTERING OF AMBIENT LOW-ENERGY PHOTONS OFF NON-THERMAL ELECTRONS IN RADIO LOBES INFLATED BY THE EXPANDING JET THERMAL EMISSION OF THE ISM HEATED BY THE EXPANDING JET. OUR PRELIMINARY RESULTS SUGGEST THAT THE X-RAY ABSORBED AND UNABSORBED CSOS OCCUPY DISTINCT REGIONS IN THE RADIO LUMINOSITY VS. RADIO LINEAR SIZE PLANE AND THAT THE CSOS WITH SUBSTANTIAL INTRINSIC X-RAY ABSORPTION MAY BE LESS EVOLVED IN TERMS OF THE SIZE OF THEIR RADIO STRUCTURES THAN THE X-RAY UNABSORBED SOURCES WITH THE SAME RADIO POWER. THIS MAY INDICATE THAT THE CONDITIONS GOVERNING THE RADIO SOURCE EVOLUTION ARE IN PLAY ALREADY AT THE EARLIEST EVOLUTIONARY STAGES. HARD X-RAY DATA (>10 KEV) ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR AN INDEPTH EXPLORATION AND CONFIRMATION OF THESE RESULTS BUT ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR ONLY ONE CSO (OQ+208 OUR CYCLE 2 NUSTAR PROGRAM). WE HAVE BEEN AWARDED NUSTAR OBSERVATIONS OF TWO OTHER YOUNG CSOS PKS 2021+614 AND PKS 1511+0518 (70-KS PER EACH SOURCE) WHOSE SOFT X-RAY DATA SUGGEST A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF INTRINSIC ABSORPTION AND A REFLECTION DOMINATED SPECTRUM. THE NEW NUSTAR OBSERVATIONS WILL CONTRIBUTE CRITICAL HIGH-ENERGY INFORMATION TO OUR EXISTING (PKS 2021+614) AND PENDING XMMNEWTON DATA (APPROVED AO17 PROGRAM TO OBSERVE PKS 1511+0518 AS CATEGORY A TARGET; PI: M. SOBOLEWSKA) AND ALLOW US TO REACH OUR PROJECT OBJECTIVES: 1. DETECT OUR TARGETS AT HARD X-RAYS (>10 KEV) AND FIRMLY ESTABLISH CSOS AS A NEW CLASS OF HARD X-RAY EMITTERS. 2. CONSTRUCT AND MODEL A HIGH-QUALITY 0.5-40 KEV X-RAY SPECTRUM FOR BOTH SOURCES. 3. DETERMINE IF THE X-RAY SPECTRUM OF PKS 1511+0518 CONTAINS THE REFLECTED COMPONENT (INCLUDING THE KALPHA IRON EMISSION LINE) AND IF PRESENT QUANTIFY ITS PROPERTIES. 4. BREAK THE MODEL DEGENERACIES AND ESTABLISH THE DOMINANT RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN CSOS BY: - CONSTRAINING THE AMOUNT OF INTRINSIC ABSORPTION AND PHOTON INDEX OF THE PRIMARY EMISSION IN BOTH SOURCES - COLLECTING THE MULTI-WAVELENGTH DATA FROM THE LITERATURE AND MODEL THE RADIO-TO-HARD-X-RAY SPECTRUM OF BOTH SOURCES. 5. CONTRIBUTE TO THE STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RADIO AND X-RAY ABSORPTION PROPERTIES IN CSOS. IN SUMMARY UNCOVERING THE X-RAY PROPERTIES OF CSOS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS IS ESSENTIAL TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF (I) WHAT DETERMINES THE EVOLUTION OF THE RADIO SOURCES WHILE THEY EXPAND (II) WHAT ARE THE RADIATIVE PROCESSES OF THE YOUNG RADIO JETS (III) WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE RADIO JET AND INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM ON FEEDING THE ACTIVE NUCLEUS AND ALTERING THE GALACTIC GAS/ DUST DISTRIBUTION. WITH A MODERATE CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE OF 140 KS WE EXPECT A SCIENTIFIC OUTCOME WITH FAR REACHING IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MODELS OF THE INITIAL AGN (RADIO) ACTIVITY AND AGN/GALAXY CO-EVOLUTION. OUR PROJECT IS RELATED TO NASA INTEREST AND SCIENTIFIC GOALS OF THE ASTROPHYSICS RESEARCH PROGRAM TO EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE AND BEYOND.

$54,758FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

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