AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES (AIS) ARE NONNATIVE (EXOTIC) SPECIES THAT SPREAD RAPIDLY INTO NEW ECOSYSTEMS. AIS ARE THE SECOND GREATEST THREAT TO BIODIVERSITY AFTER HABITAT FRAGMENTATION. SPREAD OF AIS CAUSES BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF ECONOMIC LOSSES ANNUALLY TO AGRICULTURE HYDROELECTRIC FACILITIES COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AND ECO-TOURISM. OUR OVERALL OBJECTIVE IS TO SUPPORT THE UNITED NATIONS TARGET 15.8 GOAL TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN WATER ECOSYSTEMS. CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE ARE MAJOR DRIVERS OF THE SPREAD OF AIS BY LOWERING THE RESILIENCE OF NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS TO AIS. MANAGERS NEED DECISION SUPPORT WEB TOOLS AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELS TO BETTER MAP VISUALIZE AND PREDICT OCCURRENCE AND SPREAD OF AIS. WE WILL HELP MANAGERS PREDICT AND PREVENT SPREAD OF AIS BY PROVIDING NOVEL COMBINATIONS OF THREE RECENT ADVANCES; THESE ARE (1) INCREASED AVAILABILITY OF REGIONALLY CONSISTENT ENVIRONMENTAL DATA FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING (2) TIME-SERIES DATA ON AIS SPREAD ACROSS VARYING HABITATS AND (3) ENVIRONMENTAL DNA (EDNA) MONITORING OF AIS. EDNA IS THE DNA THAT IS CONTINUOUSLY SHED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT BY ALL ORGANISMS (IN FECES URINE SLIME SLOUGHED CELLS). EDNA CAN BE RELIABLY DISTINGUISHED AT VERY LOW LEVELS IN NATURAL LANDSCAPES AND EFFICIENTLY COLLECTED AND PROCESSED AT RELATIVELY LOW COST WHICH HAS LED TO WIDESPREAD USE OF EDNA SAMPLING TO HELP TRACK AIS SPREAD. WE WILL INTEGRATE THESE THREE DATATYPE ADVANCES BY LEVERAGING DATABASE RESOURCES FROM MULTIPLE STATE AND FEDERAL DATABASES ON AIS PRESENCE/ABSENCE AND BY ENHANCING AN EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL (REMOTELY-SENSED) DATABASE AND SUPPORT SYSTEM TO PROVIDE TOOLS FOR AIS MANAGERS TO VISUALIZE MAP AND FORECAST THE SPREAD OF AIS ACROSS THE ENTIRE COLUMBIA AND MISSOURI RIVER BASINS (CRB MRB) IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. THE DATABASE FRAMEWORKS AND TOOLS CAN BE EXTENDED NATIONALLY AND GLOBALLY TO OTHER COUNTRIES. THIS WORK WILL BENEFIT FROM TWO CROWDSOURCING INITIATIVES (1) TO COLLECT NOVEL EDNA SAMPLES AND (2) TO ACQUIRE EXISTING AIS OCCURRENCE DATA FROM MULTIPLE STATE AND FEDERAL MANAGEMENT AGENCIES. THIS WILL IMPROVE AIS TRACKING AND ESTABLISH A NATIONAL EDNA DATABASE. OUR WEB-BASED TOOLS (MAIN DELIVERABLES) WILL COMBINE EXISTING AIS OCCURRENCE DATA WITH EDNA DETECTION DATA AND REMOTELY-SENSED ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASES TO CREATE MODELING TOOLS TO HELP FORECAST (MAP) GEOGRAPHIC AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO AIS SPREAD AND COLONIZATION. IMPORTANTLY AIS PRESENCE/ABSENCE (OCCURRENCE) IS THE MAIN ESSENTIAL BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE (EBV) RECOMMENDED BY MULTIPLE ORGANIZATIONS FOR MONITORING OF INVASIVE SPECIES (GEOBON MCGEOCH AND SQUIRES 2015). FINALLY THIS APPLICATION WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO A DEVELOPING USGS FRAMEWORK FOR MONITORING THE SPREAD OF AIS. OUR SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS WILL USE TIME-SERIES DATA ON FIVE KEY AIS THAT POSE THE GREATEST ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL THREATS IN THE CRB MRB AND NATIONWIDE. THESE INCLUDE ZEBRA AND QUAGGA MUSSELS EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL SMALLMOUTH BASS AND RAINBOW TROUT. THESE AIS INHABIT A RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (WATER TEMPERATURE AND FLOW REGIMES PHYSICAL HABITAT) WITH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF SPREAD OR INVASION (HUMAN AND ANIMAL VECTORS AND DISPERSAL) AND TYPES OF RISK TO NATIVE SPECIES AND HABITATS (E.G. PREDATION COMPETITION HABITAT MODIFICATION HYBRIDIZATION). THIS PROJECT WILL BUILD ON OUR PAST EXPERIENCE WITH AN ONLINE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (RAP) THAT PROVIDES RIVERSCAPE-FOCUSED REMOTELYSENSED ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND TOOLS TO PREDICT CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON NATIVE ENDANGERED FISH. WE CAN SYNERGISTICALLY USE THE RAP (WWW.NTSG.UMT.EDU/RAP/) ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE TO BUILD USER-FRIENDLY TOOLS NECESSARY FOR MANAGING BOTH AIS AND NATIVE FISH (SALMONIDS). THESE TOOLS AND THE EDNA DATABASE WILL BE HOUSED AND USED BY THE USGS AND STATE AGENCIES TO HELP TRANSFORM BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DECISION MAKING WHILE ADDRESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (TARGET 15.8) OF THE UNITED NATIONS.
$769,020FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Montana, Missoula MT