STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKING PROGRAM SOLICITS PROPOSALS TO UNDERSTAND THE ATMOSPHERIC CLIMATOLOGIC DYNAMIC GEOLOGIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. THE PROPOSAL EXAMINES THE PLANET-WIDE STRENGTH OF VENUS LIGHTNING AS MEASURED FROM 1979 THROUGH 1992 BY THE PIONEER VENUS ORBITER ELECTRIC FIELD EXPERIMENT AND THE VENUS EXPRESS MAGNETOMETER FROM 2006 TO 2014. WHILE THESE MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE IN THE VENUS IONOSPHERE THE SIGNALS ORIGINATE NEAR 55 KM ALTITUDE IN VENUS'S UPPER ATMOSPHERE. THIS STUDY PERTAINS TO THE DYNAMICS OF THE VENUS ATMOSPHERE AND ITS PARTICULATE CONTENT AS WELL AS TO THE CHEMISTRY OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE. THE MEASUREMENTS BY THE TWO MISSIONS USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES WILL BE COMPARED TO DETERMINE IF THE TWO OBSERVATIONS PROVIDE CONSISTENT ENERGY FLUX ESTIMATES AND LOCAL TIME VARIATIONS. THE PROGRAM ALSO VALUES RESEARCH IN COMPARATIVE PLANETOLOGY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TAKES THE ESTIMATED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY FLUX CALCULATED FROM THE MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS OBSERVED BY PVO AND VEX AND COMPARES IT WITH THE ENERGY FLUX IN THE ANALOGOUS WAVES IN THE TERRESTRIAL IONOSPHERE. THE ENERGY FLUX IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IF IT IS SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER THAN THE TERRESTRIAL VALUES WHICH IS LIKELY BECAUSE OF THE GREATER HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AT 0.72 AU THAN 1 AU THE CONCENTRATION OF CONSTITUENTS THAT ARE CREATED IN THE NON-LTE CONDITIONS IN A LIGHTNING STROKE SUCH AS NO2 WILL BE MUCH GREATER THAN THEY ARE IN THE EARTH?S ATMOSPHERE. THIS STUDY COULD THEN BE INFLUENTIAL IN THE DESIGNS OF FUTURE VENUS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS AS WELL AS GIVING A QUANTITATIVE VALUE FOR THE ENERGETICS OF LIGHTNING ON VENUS. SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THIS STUDY AIMS TO END THE DEBATE OF WHETHER OR NOT THERE IS LIGHTNING IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE PROVIDED CONVINCING EVIDENCE BUT A STATISTICAL DATABASE OF LIGHTNING-GENERATED WHISTLER-MODE WAVES DETECTED BY VENUS EXPRESS OVER 9 YEARS WILL ALLOW US TO MAP THE LOCATION OF THE ELECTRICAL STORMS AND DETERMINE THE ENERGIES OF THE LIGHTNING DISCHARGES. USING FIELD-LINE TRACING TECHNIQUES WE CAN DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF EACH BURST AND ULTIMATELY FIND ANY GEOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS THAT MAY EXIST. CALCULATING THE ENERGIES OF THE BURSTS AND COMPARING THEM WITH ENERGIES MEASURED FOR TERRESTRIAL LIGHTNING WILL GIVE US AN ESTIMATE OF THE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF THE STORMS THAT OCCUR ON VENUS AND IN TURN THE PRODUCTION RATES FOR SPECIFIC ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS THAT ARE DEPENDENT ON LIGHTNING SUCH AS NO2. METHODOLOGY: WE USE THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE DUAL FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETERS ON THE VENUS EXPRESS MISSION IN ORBIT AROUND VENUS FROM 2006-2014 THAT ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE EUROPEAN PLANETARY SCIENCE ARCHIVE (PSA). WE IDENTIFY WITH UCLA WAVE ANALYSIS ROUTINES THE OCCURRENCE AND AMPLITUDE OF THE MAGNETIC SIGNALS FROM 3 TO 64 HZ PROPAGATING AS WHISTLER-MODE SIGNALS (RIGHT-HANDED RELATIVE TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD AND PROPAGATING ALONG THE MAGNETIC FIELD). THE OCCURRENCE RATES ALTITUDE PROFILES AND LOCAL TIME DISTRIBUTION ARE MAPPED. THE PROPAGATION SPEED IS CALCULATED USING THE MEASURED MAGNETIC FIELD AND MODEL ELECTRON DENSITIES. THIS ALLOWS A CALCULATION OF THE VERTICAL PROFILE OF THE ELECTRON ENERGY FLUX TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE ENERGY FLUX INCREASES OR DECREASES WITH ALTITUDES. THIS WAS CALCULATED IN 1992 FOR THE PIONEER VENUS ELECTRIC FIELD DATA AND THE ENERGY FLUX DECREASED WITH ALTITUDE. THE COMPARISON WITH THESE DATA WILL BE THREEFOLD. DO THE ENERGY FLUXES FOR THE TWO MISSIONS AGREE QUANTITATIVELY; DOES THE WAVE ENERGY DECREASE WITH ALTITUDE AS EXPECTED FOR A SOURCE IN THE ATMOSPHERE; IS THE LOCAL TIME DEPENDENCE THE SAME FOR EACH DATA SET? THE COMPARISON WITH THE EARTH WILL BE WITH PUBLISHED TERRESTRIAL MEASUREMENTS. IS THE VENUS ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY FLUX GREATER THAN OR LESS THAN THE ENERGY FLUX IN THE TERRESTRIAL IONOSPHERE FOR THE CORRESPONDING SIGNALS?