DESPITE THE STUNNING WEALTH OF DATA PROVIDED BY THE DISCOVERY OF THOUSANDS OF PLANETS SPANNING A SURPRISINGLY BROAD PARAMETER SPACE WE KNOW VERY LITTLE ABOUT YOUNG PLANETS. TO ACCURATELY ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESSES WHICH GOVERN PLANET FORMATION MIGRATION AND EVOLUTION WE MUST IDENTIFY AND STUDY YOUNG PLANETS THEMSELVES.IN 2016 WE PUBLISHED THE EXTRAORDINARY IDENTIFICATION OF A ~12 JUPITER MASS OBJECT IN A 9 DAY PERIOD ORBIT IN THE 2 MYR OLD CLASSICAL T TAURI SYSTEM CI TAU REPRESENTING THE FIRST UNAMBIGUOUS DISCOVERY OF A YOUNG STAR + DISK + SHORT-PERIOD PLANET KNOWN. THE KEY TO THE SUCCESS OF THIS WORK WAS THE APPLICATION OF INTENSIVE IR HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY. OUR ORIGINAL SURVEY WAS LIMITED TO HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY BY VIRTUE OF HAVING ADEQUATE ACCESS TO LARGE TIME ALLOCATIONS ON THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY 2.7-METER TELESCOPE. HOWEVER STELLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS ARE A FUNCTION OF WAVELENGTH AND HAVE A MUCH LARGER IMPACT ON RV AMPLITUDES IN THE OPTICAL THAN IN THE IR WHEREAS GRAVITATIONALLY-INDUCED RV VARIATIONS SHOW THE SAME AMPLITUDES AT ALL WAVELENGTHS. THUS THE IDEAL APPROACH TO AN RV SURVEY OF ACTIVE SPOTTED YOUNG PLANETS IS TO USE IR SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE PRIMARY OBSERVATIONS WITH OPTICAL FOLLOWUP AS NEEDED.WE ARE PROPOSING FOR SUPPORT OF OUR YOUNG EXOPLANET RV OBSERVATIONS USING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL COMBINATION OF THE IGRINS IR SPECTROGRAPH AND LOWELL OBSERVATORY'S 4.3-METER DISCOVERY CHANNEL TELESCOPE (DCT). IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MCDONALD OBSERVATORY AND THE KOREAN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE IGRINS IS IN RESIDENCE AT THE DCT FOR 6 MONTHS PER YEAR OVER THROUGH 2019. THE FIRST VISITS COVERED SEPTEMBER 2016-FEBRUARY 2017 AND AUGUST 2017-JANUARY 2018. IGRINS IS SCHEDULED TO RETURN TO THE DCT IN SEPTEMBER 2018 AND POSSIBLY AGAIN IN FUTURE YEARS (TBD). PRIOR TO THIS DEPLOYMENT AT THE DCT WE OBTAINED SUBSTANTIAL SURVEY DATA WITH IGRINS AT THE 2.7-METER TELESCOPE AT MCDONALD OBSERVATORY. THESE SPECTRA FROM MCDONALD COMBINED WITH NEW DATA OBTAINED WITH GENEROUS TIME ALLOCATIONS (28 NIGHTS IN THE 2016-2017 SEASON AND 23 IN THE 2017-2018 SEASON)ON THE DCT ARE EXPEDITING OUR UNPRECEDENTED IR SURVEY FOR SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS AROUND YOUNG STARS. TO DATE AT THE DCT WE HAVE OBTAINED MINIMUM 3-4 SPECTRA FOR EACH OF OUR 140 TARGET STARS; FOR A SUBSAMPLE WE HAVE DOZENS OF OBSERVATIONS. IGRINS THIRD VISIT WILL BE USED FOR INTENSIVE OBSERVATIONS OF PROMISING CANDIDATE EXOPLANET HOST STARS. A NEW HIGH-RESOLUTION OPTICAL SPECTROGRAPH IS BEING COMMISSIONED AT THE DCT BY YALE UNIVERSITY POTENTIALLY PROVIDING NEAR-SIMULTANEOUS OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE FUTURE; WE WILL USE THE MCDONALD 2.7 METER TELESCOPE FOR OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE NEAR TERM. THE RELATIVELY SHORT-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS WE ARE SENSITIVE TO ARE OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE IN PART BECAUSE OF THEIR ROLE IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE INNER 1 AU THE TERRESTRIAL PLANET-FORMING REGION. DETECTIONS OF PLANETS AROUND STARS WITH PRIMORDIAL DISKS ARE ESPECIALLY INTERESTING BECAUSE THEY PROVIDE A DIRECT LINK BETWEEN THE HOST DISK AND THE EXOPLANET PROPERTIES. WITH JWST IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO STUDY DISK COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE IN SYSTEMS WITH PLANETS FOR COMPARISON WITH SYSTEMS WHICH LACK GIANT PLANETS POTENTIALLY PROVIDING A PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR PLANET FORMATION. OUR PROPOSED WORK PROVIDES UNPRECEDENTED TARGETS FOR JWST CAMPAIGNS. FURTHERMORE OUR USE OF K2 DATA PRODUCTS TO UNDERSTAND AND DISENTANGLE STELLAR ROTATION AND ACTIVITY FROM EXOPLANET SIGNATURES ADDS TREMENDOUS VALUE TO BOTH DATA SETS.THIS RESEARCH IS DIRECTLY RELATED SCIENTIFICALLY TO THE NASA STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES ``1.5 ASCERTAIN THE ... ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM'' AND ``1.6 DISCOVER HOW THE UNIVERSE WORKS EXPLORE HOW IT BEGAN AND EVOLVED'' AND TO OBJECTIVE ``3.1 ATTRACT AND ADVANCE A HIGHLY SKILLED COMPETENT AND DIVERSE WORKFORCE CULTIVATE AN INNOVATIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT''.
$410,689FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff AZ