AMONG THE ICY MOONS OF THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM EUROPA PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO ANSWER SOME OF THE HIGHEST PRIORITY QUESTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE PLANETARY SCIENCE DECADAL SURVEY NAMELY: BEYOND EARTH ARE THERE CONTEMPORARY HABITATS ELSEWHERE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM? DO ORGANISMS LIVE THERE NOW? EUROPAS SUBSURFACE OCEAN IS MANY TIMES LARGER THAN EARTH S SUSTAINED BY TIDAL HEATING FROM JUPITER (E.G. KIVELSON ET AL. 2000). DECADES OF RESEARCH HAVE HYPOTHESIZED THAT CHEMISTRY OF THE OCEAN AND SUSTAINED HYDROTHERMAL REACTIONS AT ITS FLOOR COULD SUSTAIN EXTANT LIFE (E.G. ZOLOTOV AND SHOCK 2001; PRISCU AND HAND 2012). EUROPA LANDER (EL) WILL TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS. IN SUPPORT OF EL S SEARCH FOR BIOSIGNATURES ON EUROPA DETERMINING HABITABILITY OF EUROPA S OCEAN AND UNDERSTANDING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE AND ITS COMMUNICATION WITH THE OCEAN WE PROPOSE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPA LANDER STEREO SPECTRAL IMAGING EXPERIMENT (ELSSIE). ELSSIE WOULD BE THE EYES OF EL PROVIDING PANORAMIC AND WORKSPACE VIEWS AT HIGH RESOLUTION SUPPORTING SAMPLING AND CRUCIALLY GOING BEYOND MINIMUM PAYLOAD IMAGING CAPABILITIES TO COMPOSITION CAPABILITY SO AS TO IDENTIFY AND MAP ENRICHMENTS IN ORGANICS AND NON-ICE PHASES AND DETERMINE WHICH ICE IS LEAST RADIATION-DAMAGED TO SELECT THE BEST SAMPLES. ELSSIE REPRESENTS THE NEXT GENERATION OF IMAGERS FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS RAISING THE STANDARD FOR CAPABILITY. ITS UNIQUE DESIGN MELDS A HIGH-RESOLUTION 20-FILTER MULTISPECTRAL STEREO IMAGER BASED ON IMAGER FOR MARS PATHFINDER (IMP) WITH A POINT SPECTROMETER SHARING A SINGLE RADIATION-SHIELDED TELEDYNE H2RG HGCDTE FOCAL PLANE ARRAY (FPA) PROVIDING STEREO AND IMAGING/SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS OF REFLECTED LIGHT FROM VISIBLE TO SHORTWAVE-INFRARED (SWIR) WAVELENGTHS (0.34-3.65 M) TO SEARCH FOR ORGANICS IDENTIFY SALTS AND POSSIBLE BIOMINERALS CHARACTERIZE CRYSTALLINE VS. AMORPHOUS ICE AND ICE GRAIN SIZES AND MAP THEIR DISTRIBUTIONS. THESE CAPABILITIES ADDRESS EL S HIGHEST PRIORITY QUESTIONS: THE SEARCH FOR LIFE AND DETERMINATION OF HABITABILITY OF EUROPAS OCEAN. IN OUR PROPOSED WORK WE WILL: (A) MATURE AND LIGHT-WEIGHT THE INSTRUMENT DESIGN (B) DEMONSTRATE COMPATIBILITY OF THE FPA WITH PLANETARY PROTECTION PROTOCOLS (C) DEMONSTRATE ATTENUATION OF RADIATION AT THE FPA BY A VAULT (D) PROTOTYPE CAMERA OPTICS AND DEMONSTRATE THEIR SURVIVAL AND PERFORMANCE AT CRYOTEMPERATURE (E) PROTOTYPE THE ADJUSTABLE FOCUS MECHANISM AND SHOW OPERATION AT CRYO-TEMPERATURES (F) PROTOTYPE THE SPECTROMETER AND DEMONSTRATE OPERATION AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS AND (G) DEMONSTRATE THAT ONBOARD PROCESSING TO PRODUCE REDUCED-VOLUME DOWNLINK PRODUCTS IS ROBUST AGAINST RADIATION NOISE. THIS WORK PLAN RESULTS IN A DESIGN FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH EL RESOURCES AND MATURES TO TRL-6 THOSE INSTRUMENT SUBSYSTEMS EXCEPT THE SPECTROMETER THAT RESIDE WITHIN ELSSIE S SENSOR MOUNTED ON EL S HGA ANTENNA. REMAINING WORK TO MATURE THE SYSTEM TO TRL-6 INCLUDES QUALIFICATION OF A PROTOTYPE SPECTROMETER MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY UNDER VIBRATION AND CRYOGENIC OPERATION AND PROTOTYPING OF PART OF THE DATA PROCESSING UNIT IN EL S RADIATION VAULT. THE ADDITIONAL WORK COULD BE ACCOMPLISHED BY EARLY 2022 IN ONE ADDITIONAL YEAR BEYOND ICEE-2.
$2,247,862FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
The Johns Hopkins University