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UNDERSTANDING THE POTENTIAL FOR LIFE TO EXIST ON AN ICY MOON IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM IS ONE OF THE PRIMARY GOALS OF NASA'S EXPLORATION PROGRAM. PAST FLYBY MISSIONS TO THE ICY MOONS OF JUPITER AND SATURN HAVE PROVIDED TANTALIZING EVIDENCE THAT THESE BODIES MAY POSSESS A SUBSURFACE LIQUID OCEAN IN CONTACT WITH A ROCKY CORE. THESE OBSERVATIONS HAVE DRIVEN THE HYPOTHESES THAT THESE MOONS MAY BE HABITABLE AND ARGUABLY THE MOST PROMISING LOCATIONS IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM TO SEARCH IN SITU FOR EXTANT LIFE. ALTHOUGH EUROPA'S SUBSURFACE OCEAN IS ESTIMATED TO BE TENS OF KILOMETERS BELOW THE SURFACE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY CLEARLY SHOWS THAT IT EXCHANGES MATERIAL WITH THE SURFACE. A LANDER THAT INCLUDES AN INSTRUMENT THAT CAN QUANTIFY A WIDE RANGE OF IONIC AQUEOUS SPECIES AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR MICROBIAL HABITATION WILL DRAMATICALLY INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE ITS SURFACE. THE MICROFLUIDIC ICY-WORLD CHEMISTRY ANALYZER (MICA) CONTAINS A ARRAY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS THAT ARE IDEALLY SUITED TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL ENERGETICS OF THE EUROPAN AQUEOUS SYSTEM. MICA CAN MEASURE A LARGE VARIETY OF CHEMICAL SPECIES AND PARAMETERS FROM DISSOLVED IONS (E.G. NA+ K+ MG2+ CA2+ CL BR I HCO3 /CO3 2 NO3 /CLO4 SO4 =) GASES (E.G. H2 H2S CO SO2 O2 NO2 CLO2) TO METAL IONS (E.G. CR MN FE NI CU ZN SN PB) THAT HAVE DIRECTLY MEASURABLE ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROPERTIES BY WHICH THEY CAN BE CHARACTERIZED AS CHEMICAL OXIDANTS OR REDUCTANTS OR FOR SOME BOTH TO PARAMETERS SUCH AS PH REDUCTION-OXIDATION POTENTIAL ALKALINITY AND CONDUCTIVITY. MOST IMPORTANTLY MICA A COMPACT MISSION-PROVEN INSTRUMENT CAN ALSO DIRECTLY DETERMINE THE ENERGETIC DIFFERENCES NECESSARY FOR LIFE BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL DISEQUILIBRIA IN THE FORM OF REDOX CHEMISTRY AS WELL AS A MORE SENSITIVE MEASUREMENT OF SIMPLE IONIC SPECIES THAT ARE CHEMICALLY STABLE AND LESS SUBJECT TO RADIATION OR CHEMICAL PROCESSING THAN MANY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.

$258,947FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

Trustees Of Tufts College, New York MA

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