IMPACT MELT PONDS FLOWS AND VENEERS ARE FOUND AROUND DOZENS OF COPERNICAN-AGED IMPACT STRUCTURES ON THE MOON. MELT AND EJECTA ARE EMPLACED CONTEMPORANEOUSLY AND SHOULD RECORD THE PRIMARY FLUX OF INNER SOLAR SYSTEM PROJECTILES BUT RECENT OBSERVATIONS HAVE SHOWN THAT: (1) SMALL-DIAMETER (<500 M) CRATER SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION (CSFDS) DIFFER BETWEEN MELT FEATURES AND ADJACENT CONTINUOUS EJECTA ASSOCIATED WITH THE SAME IMPACT CRATERING EVENT; (2)GHOST CRATERS BURIED BY IMPACT MELT SUGGEST THAT EJECTA BLANKETS ARE CRATERED IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING EMPLACEMENT AND SOME CRATERS FORMED ON MELT UNITS POSSESS UNUSUAL SHAPES INCLUDING IRREGULAR CIRCULAR CRATERS WITH SPLASH-LIKE MORPHOLOGIES (POSSIBLY FORMED BY SECONDARY IMPACTS INTO VISCOUS MELT PONDS). BOTH OBSERVATIONS FAVOR THE HYPOTHESIS THAT SMALL-DIAMETER CRATERS ARE FORMED ON CONTINUOUS EJECTA DEPOSITS BY LATE-ARRIVING EJECTA FRAGMENTS FROM THE PARENT CRATER AND ARE EMPLACED PENECONTEMPORANEOUSLY WITH THE IMPACT MELT FACIES. THESE CRATERS ARE REFERRED TO AS SELF-SECONDARY CRATERS (SSCS). DETAILED STUDY OF THE ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SSCS MAY HELP TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING FIRST OF LATE-STAGE EJECTA PROCESSES AND THE TIMING OF EVENTS SHAPING THE CONTINUOUS EJECTA BLANKET AND SECOND OF CRATER SIZE-FREQUENCY DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN MELT AND EJECTA FACIES AND THEIR POSSIBLE EFFECT ON THE LUNAR CRATER CHRONOLOGY. ALTHOUGH SSC EXISTENCE HAS BEEN WIDELY PROPOSED RECENTLY NOT ONLY ON THE MOON BUT ALSO ON MERCURY VESTA AND ICY SATELLITES THE MECHANISM OF THEIR FORMATION IS STILL NOT CLEAR; EXISTING HYPOTHESES HAVE YET TO BE SHOWN FEASIBLE BY MEANS OF NUMERICAL MODELS. EMPLACEMENT OF IMPACT MELTS HAS BEEN A SUBJECT OF LONG-STANDING DEBATE AND DETAILED ANALYSIS OF IMPACT CRATERS ON MELT UNITS GIVES US A NEW INSTRUMENT WHICH MAY HELP TO RESOLVE ISSUES OF TIMING AND EMPLACEMENT.
$415,466FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Planetary Science Institute, Tucson AZ