SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES THE CASSINI-HUYGENS MISSION HAS REVOLUTIONIZED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE SATURN SYSTEM. PRIOR TO THE MISSION S END IN SEPTEMBER 2017 THE SPACECRAFT EXECUTED A SERIES OF 22 HIGHLY INCLINED ORBITS THROUGH THE PREVIOUSLY UNEXPLORED REGION BETWEEN SATURN AND ITS EXTENSIVE RING SYSTEM YIELDING THE FIRST EVER DIRECT SAMPLING OF THE PLANET S UPPER ATMOSPHERE. THESE MEASUREMENTS ALLOW US TO COMPARE AND CHARACTERIZE THE CHEMICAL INVENTORY OF THE SATURN SYSTEM LIKE NEVER BEFORE. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THESE DATA SHOWS COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PLANET WITH ITS RINGS AND MOONS AND IS ALREADY REDEFINING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN THE SATURN SYSTEM. CASSINI'S ION AND NEUTRAL MASS SPECTROMETER (INMS) DIRECTLY SAMPLED MANY PARTS OF THE SATURN SYSTEM OVER THE COURSE OF THE 13-YEAR MISSION. HERE WE PROPOSE TO UTILIZE THE MOST RECENT INMS DATA OBTAINED FROM CASSINI DATA RELEASE 54 IN ORDER TO CHARACTERIZE THE COMPOSITION OF SATURN S UPPER ATMOSPHERE AND RING SYSTEM. THESE DATA HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE TO ANSWER SOME FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS ABOUT SATURN FOR THE FIRST TIME INCLUDING SIMULTANEOUSLY DETERMINING THE ABUNDANCES OF SATURN S MAJOR CONSTITUENTS H2 AND HE. WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE ABUNDANCES OF MAJOR AND MINOR CONSTITUENTS IN SATURN S ATMOSPHERE FROM THE MASS SPECTRA OBTAINED FROM INMS USING A SOPHISTICATED MASS DECONVOLUTION ALGORITHM. WE WILL ALSO PROBE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE RINGS OF SATURN INFLUENCE THE CHEMISTRY IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE. THIS ANALYSIS IS VITAL TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPOSITION OF SATURN S UPPER ATMOSPHERE AND THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN THE SATURN SYSTEM AND IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO ADVANCE MODELING EFFORTS OF SATURN S ATMOSPHERE. METHODOLOGY THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL USE DATA FROM THE CLOSED SOURCE NEUTRAL MODE OF INMS WHICH MEASURES NONREACTIVE NEUTRAL SPECIES. A ROBUST MASS DECONVOLUTION ANALYSIS WILL BE PERFORMED IN ORDER TO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE FRAGMENTATION PATTERNS OF THE DETECTED SPECIES. WE WILL START BY ACQUIRING THE RELEVANT INMS DATA AND PROCESSING TO A LEVEL SUCH THAT SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS CAN BE PERFORMED AND CREATING AN EXTENSIVE MOLECULAR DATABASE OF SPECIES THAT HAVE BEEN CONFIRMED OR ARE SUSPECTED TO BE PRESENT WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE. WE WILL MODEL AND ANALYZE THE MASS SPECTRA OBTAINED USING A MASS DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM USING A SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION METHOD TO OBTAIN THE MOST PROBABLE COMBINATION OF SPECIES AND THEIR RESPECTIVE MIXING RATIOS. IN COMPARING THESE RESULTS WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES THROUGH THE SATURN SYSTEM WE WILL BE ABLE TO QUANTIFY THE UNIQUE CONNECTIONS AMONG BODIES WITHIN THE SYSTEM. ADDITIONALLY THESE RESULTS CAN BE USED FOR MANY OTHER APPLICATIONS TO THE SATURN SYSTEM INCLUDING STUDIES OF UPPER ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND CHEMISTRY. RELEVANCE THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATIONS ARE DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE GOAL OF THE CASSINI DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAM: PDS CASSINI DATA RELEASE 54 WHICH IS TO "ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN OF THE CASSINI MISSION BY BROADENING THE SCIENTIFIC PARTICIPATION IN THE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA RETURNED BY THIS MISSION." THE PROPOSED ANALYSES WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN THE SATURN SYSTEM USING IN SITU MEASUREMENTS FROM INMS. THESE FINAL DATA SETS FROM THE CASSINI MISSION PROVIDE OUR FIRST OPPORTUNITY TO DIRECTLY MEASURE THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF SATURN AND STRENGTHEN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIQUE CONNECTION BETWEEN SATURN'S RINGS AND SATURN'S ATMOSPHERE.
$305,251FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
The Johns Hopkins University