FRICTION AND COLLISIONS BETWEEN PARTICLES IS KNOWN TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL CHARGES ON THE RESULTING PARTICLES. THIS PROCESS CALLED TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING CAN OCCUR ON PARTICLES OF THE SAME COMPOSITION AND AS WELL AS THOSE WITH DIFFERING DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES. TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING HAS BEEN DESCRIBED IN SILICATE PARTICLES PLASTICS AND POWDERS USED IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY. ON EARTH TRIBOELECTRIC CHARGING MAY BE PARTIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BRILLIANT LIGHTNING DISPLAYS IN VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND CAN CAUSE EPHEMERAL AGGREGATES. HOWEVER ON EARTH THE LOW CHARGE TO MASS RATIO OF SILICATE PARTICLES LARGELY LIMITS THE IMPACT OF CHARGING ON THE DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND ON THE SURFACE. OUR PRELIMINARY WORK INDICATES THAT HYDROCARBONS AND ICE-HYDROCARBON PARTICLES LIKE THOSE THOUGHT TO EXIST ON TITAN.S SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE MORE READILY DEVELOP ELECTRICAL CHARGE THAN SILICATE PARTICLES AND DUE TO THEIR COMPARATIVELY LOW MASS THE DYNAMICS OF THESE PARTICLES ARE LIKELY MUCH MORE IMPACTED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARGE. PARTICLE AGGREGATES AND CHARGED PARTICLES ON THE SURFACE CAN POTENTIALLY HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE OBSERVED GEOMORPHOLOGY PARTICULARLY OF DUNE FEATURES. OUR ULTIMATE GOAL IS TO INVENTORY THE MAXIMUM CHARGE AND CHARGING RATE LIKELY TO BE ACHIEVED ON A SUITE OF PARTICLES UNDER TITAN SURFACE CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO: 1. DETERMINE THE LIKELY SIZE OF AGGREGATES STABLE ON TITAN.S SURFACE AND THE FORCES REQUIRED TO BREAK THESE AGGREGATES. 2. EXTEND PARTICLE DYNAMICS MODEL TO INCLUDE AGGREGATE EFFECTS IN ADDITION TO RECENT DESCRIPTIONS OF FLUID-PARTICLE EFFECTS ON SALTATION CONDITIONS ON TITAN. 3. DETERMINE IF THESE AGGREGATES AND GREATER SALTATION THRESHOLDS CAN EXPLAIN THE ENIGMATIC OBSERVED DUNE ORIENTATION GIVEN MISMATCH WITH CURRENT PREVAILING WIND CONDITIONS. 4. COMPARE INFERENCES ON PREDICTED AGGREGATE SIZE WITH OBSERVATIONS OF THE SURFACE OF TITAN. METHODOLOGY IN THE PROPOSED WORK WE WILL CONDUCT PARTICLE-CHARGING EXPERIMENTS WITH AN APPARATUS DEVELOPED AT GEORGIA TECH DESIGNED TO MEASURE THE CHARGE ON INDIVIDUAL ASH GRAINS FROM VOLCANOES. WE HAVE MODIFIED THIS APPROACH TO EXAMINE SMALLER PARTICLES AND TO INCLUDE AN ATMOSPHERIC CHAMBER CAPABLE OF REACHING TITAN CONDITIONS. WE HAVE ALSO BUILT AN ACOUSTIC LEVITATION DEVICE CAPABLE OF STUDYING SINGLE PARTICLE IMPACTS IN ISOLATION AND HAVE ALREADY CONSTRUCTED AND TESTED EACH PIECE OF THE APPARATUS THAT WILL BE USED FOR THE PROPOSED EXPERIMENTS. OUR CO-I AT JPL WILL ASSIST IN GENERATING AND DESCRIBING PARTICLES INDICATIVE OF PARTICLES RESIDING ON THE SURFACE OF TITAN AND WILL ASSIST IN INTERPRETATION OF CHARGING AND AGGREGATE DATA WITH RESPECT TO ATMOSPHERIC RESIDENCE TIME AND DUNE MORPHOLOGY. RELEVANCE TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKINGS PROGRAM THE WORK ENCOMPASSED BY THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES THE MAJOR FOCUS AREAS FOR SURFACES AND ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS AND MOONS AS DELIMITED BY THE SOLICITATION DOCUMENT FOR THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKINGS PROGRAM. THE RESIDENCE TIME OF PARTICLES IN TITAN.S ATMOSPHERE PLAYS A ROLE ON THE LARGE-SCALE HYDROCARBON CYCLE OF THIS MOON AND LIKELY MODULATES THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE SURFACE.
$350,326FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Oregon, Eugene OR