IRRIGATION PLAYS A LARGE AND GROWING ROLE IN GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. HOWEVER THE EXPANDING WATER-USE FOOTPRINT FOR IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE IS INCREASINGLY COMING INTO CONFLICT WITH COMPETING USERS. SUCH CONFLICT HAS ALREADY BECOME PRONOUNCED FOR WATER RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN CALIFORNIA. TO REDUCE THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RECENT DROUGHT (AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH RELIANCE ON SURFACE WATER RESOURCES) CALIFORNIAN PRODUCERS OF HIGH-VALUED PERENNIAL CROPS INCREASINGLY RELY ON GROUNDWATER EXTRACTION. HOWEVER AT CURRENT LEVELS OF PUMPING THERE ARE GRAVE CONCERNS ABOUT THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES. REFLECTING THIS CONCERN CALIFORNIA ENACTED THE SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT ACT IN 2014 WHICH MANDATES SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLANS BE DEVELOPED FOR CRITICAL BASINS WITHIN CALIFORNIA. ACHIEVING SUCH LONG-TERM WATER USE SUSTAINABILITY IN AN ECONOMICALLY VIABLE WAY WILL ALMOST CERTAINLY REQUIRE MORE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT. WHILE SUCH STRATEGIES ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY POSSIBLE THEY REQUIRE FINE-SCALE INFORMATION REGARDING CROP STATUS AND SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY THAT IS CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE FOR DECISION SUPPORT.