THIS PROPOSAL ADDRESSES REMOTE SENSING OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL EXTENT OF THE WATER-TABLE AND INTERVENING SOIL MOISTURE PROFILES. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THIS OBJECTIVE CAN BE MET THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WIRELESS NETWORK OF SMALL IN-SITU AND UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS)-BASED GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) AUTOMATED SENSING NODES. THERE IS A NEED TO MAP THE ALTITUDE OF THE GROUNDWATER TABLE AND ITS SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY ESPECIALLY IN WATER-SCARCE REGIONS SUCH AS THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. KNOWLEDGE OF SOIL MOISTURE PROFILES ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS NECESSARY FOR INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF THE WATER TABLE DEPTH ESTIMATION AND IT MAY ALSO BE OF INTEREST IN UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE WATER TABLE AND VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT PROFILES IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE. THERE ARE LIMITED METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE MAPPING OF THE GROUNDWATER TABLE WITH HIGH RESOLUTION (WITHIN A FEW METERS LATERALLY AND SUB-METER VERTICALLY). AIRBORNE LOW-FREQUENCY RADARS WOULD BE IDEAL FOR THEIR LARGE AND RAPID SPATIAL COVERAGE BUT THE OPERATING FREQUENCY OF EXISTING SYSTEMS (P-BAND OR IN THE 250-450 MHZ RANGE) ARE NOT LOW ENOUGH TO PENETRATE MORE THAN 1 M IN TYPICAL (CALIFORNIA) SOILS. BESIDES DRILLING WELLS OTHER GEOPHYSICAL METHODS ARE AVAILABLE SUCH AS ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY MAPPING BUT ALSO HAVE LIMITATIONS INCLUDING EASE OF DEPLOYMENT AND RESOLUTION. ANOTHER METHOD OF DETECTING THE DEPTH TO WATER TABLE IS USING GPR. BUT THE CURRENT GPR SYSTEMS REQUIRE MANUAL OPERATION ARE HEAVY AND LARGE AND ARE SLOW TO OPERATE. THEY REQUIRE A LONG TIME TO COVER SMALL AREAS. IF SMALLER INEXPENSIVE EASY TO DEPLOY GPR NODES COULD BE DEVELOPED A LARGE-SCALE NETWORK OF THESE NODES WOULD BE INSTALLED AND LEFT IN THE FIELD UNATTENDED FOR FREQUENT MEASUREMENTS.
$135,000FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Southern California, Los Angeles CA