SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) IS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE FINE-SCALE PROPERTIES OF A PLANETARY SURFACE DESPITE RELATIVELY COARSE SPATIAL RESOLUTION. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF RADAR SCATTERING INDICATE THAT COARSE ROUNDED SEDIMENT CAN EXPLAIN THE HIGH RADAR BACKSCATTER OF SOME FLUVIAL FEATURES ON SATURN S MOON TITAN. HOWEVER THEORY-BASED MODELS LACK REALISTIC SEDIMENTOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN SIZE AND SHAPE DISTRIBUTIONS AMONG OTHER FACTORS. THE PROPOSED WORK WOULD DEVELOP CORRELATIONS OF SAR RETURN TO VARIOUS GRAIN PARAMETERS MEASURED IN THE FIELD IN AND AROUND DEATH VALLEY NATIONAL PARK. ANALYSES OF FIELD DATA PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED BY THE FI IN ADDITION TO DATA FROM A PROPOSED SUPPLEMENTAL TRIP IN FALL 2020 WILL INVESTIGATE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS ACROSS A VARIETY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS (TASK 1). TESTING HOW VARIATION IN THE PROPERTIES OF REAL ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT AFFECTS BACKSCATTER FOR SAR IMAGES OF EARTH WILL ENABLE EXTRAPOLATION TO BETTER UNDERSTAND CONDITIONS ON OTHER PLANETARY BODIES SPECIFICALLY TITAN. IN YEAR 1 THE KEY OBJECTIVES WILL BE TO EXPAND THE FIELD DATASET ANALYZE CORRELATIONS TO RADAR AND PUBLISH A PEER-REVIEWED MANUSCRIPT ON THE RESULTS AND METHODS OF QUANTIFYING SEDIMENT PROPERTIES FROM SAR FOR ARID SEDIMENT-RICH TARGETS. AFTER COMPLETING MAPPING OF TITAN S RADAR-BRIGHT FLUVIAL FEATURES WHILE AWAITING ANY REVISIONS IN YEAR 1 THE KEY OBJECTIVE IN YEAR 2 WILL CONSIST OF APPLYING THE EMPIRICAL SAR MODEL TO UNDERSTAND DOWNSTREAM VARIATIONS IN THESE FEATURES IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT. THE FINDINGS OF TASK 1 IN ADDITION TO CONSTRAINTS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ICY SEDIMENT FROM THE FI AND PI S PREVIOUS LAB WORK WILL ALLOW FOR ENHANCED INTERPRETATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS ON TITAN (TASK 2). SPECIFIC FOCUS WILL BE ON THE VARIETY OF RADAR-BRIGHT FLUVIAL FEATURES INTERPRETED AS DRY GRAVEL-BEDDED BRAIDED RIVERS. RADAR BRIGHTNESS TRENDS ALONG THE LENGTH OF 60 SUCH FEATURES WILL BE MEASURED BY THE FI AND LINKED TO POSSIBLE SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO DOWNSTREAM ROUNDING AND FINING FROM ABRASION AND SELECTIVE TRANSPORT INPUT FROM NEARBY SEDIMENT SOURCES AND GLOBAL VARIATION IN COMPOSITION AND FLOW CONDITIONS DUE TO THE LOCAL GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT. THIS WORK WILL HAVE SIGNIFICANCE FOR UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSPORT HISTORY OF FLUVIAL SEDIMENT ON TITAN WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS MANY SEDIMENTARY FEATURES INCLUDING VAST EQUATORIAL DUNE FIELDS FOR WHICH RIVERS MAY PROVIDE SAND. THE OCCURRENCE OF OSTENSIBLY FAMILIAR PROCESSES UNDER CONDITIONS DIFFERENT FROM THE EARTH S ENABLE INTERPLANETARY COMPARISON. RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TITAN S SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES WILL BE PUBLISHED IN A SECOND PEER-REVIEWED MANUSCRIPT. THE PROPOSED WORK IS RELEVANT TO THE PLANETARY SCIENCE DIVISION S GOALS TO EXPLORE AND OBSERVE THE OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY FORMED AND EVOLVE AND TO ADVANCE THE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM OPERATE INTERACT AND EVOLVE BY PLACING LIMITS ON PHYSICAL PROCESSES OF SEDIMENTATION EXAMINING POSSIBLE INTERACTION BETWEEN FLUVIAL AND AEOLIAN ACTIVITY AND STUDYING THE GLOBAL VARIATION AMONG SEDIMENTARY FEATURES WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF TITAN S SURFACE. FURTHERMORE THE PROPOSED WORK SPECIFICALLY SUPPORTS THE PLANETARY RESEARCH PROGRAM S CALLS FOR INVESTIGATIONS WHICH ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN OF NASA PLANETARY SCIENCE DIVISION MISSIONS THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTED BY THOSE MISSIONS AND FOR ANALOG STUDIES LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS OR FIELDWORK TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES OR PROCESSES AND/OR TO PREPARE FOR FUTURE MISSIONS BY DEVELOPING AN IMPROVED MODEL BASED ON FIELD DATA TO INTERPRET THE SEDIMENTOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TITAN S RADAR-BRIGHT ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS ALSO SUPPORTED BY THE PI AND FI S PREVIOUS LAB STUDIES. THE PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENT ON TITAN AND ITS SOURCES AND SINKS WILL PROVIDE VALUABLE CONTEXT FOR THE UPCOMING NEW FRONTIERS MISSION DRAGONFLY.
$90,000FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AZ