A BRANE IS A DYNAMICAL OBJECT THAT CAN PROPAGATE THROUGH SPACETIME. FLATTENING A SPACECRAFT INTO A MEMBRANE OR 2-BRANE CAN PRODUCE A LOW MASS VEHICLE WITH ULTRA-HIGH POWER-TO-WEIGHT RATIO (7.7 KW/SQUARE METER USING THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS). IF MOST OF THIS POWER IS USED BY AN ARRAY OF THINNED DISTRIBUTED ELECTROSPRAY THRUSTERS WITH A SPECIFIC IMPULSE OF 4000 S A BRANE CRAFT COULD START IN LOW EARTH ORBIT LAND ON PHOBOS AND RETURN TO LOW EARTH ORBIT. OTHER POSSIBLE TARGETS INCLUDE ANY NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID AND MOST MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS. PROPELLANT IS STORED AS A LIQUID WITHIN A 10-MICRON WIDE GAP BETWEEN TWO KAPTON SHEETS THAT FORM THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF THE BRANE CRAFT. THIS PROJECT WILL STUDY HOW TO DESIGN AN ULTRA-LIGHT DYNAMIC MEMBRANE SPACECRAFT WITH 3-AXIS ATTITUDE DETERMINATION AND CONTROL PLUS NAVIGATION THAT CAN SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE BOTH ITS SHAPE AND ORBIT. CONVENTIONAL SENSORS LIKE STAR TRACKERS WILL HAVE TO BE REPLACED BY 2-DIMENSIONAL ALTERNATIVES. ESTIMATED MASS IS ABOUT 35 GRAMS FOR A 1 SQUARE METER BRANE CRAFT. THE TARGET APPLICATION IS REMOVAL OF ORBITAL DEBRIS IN LOW EARTH ORBIT (LEO) THROUGH RENDEZVOUS CONTACT CONFORMAL WRAPPING AND APPLICATION OF THRUST. SENDING CONVENTIONAL SPACECRAFT EVEN 1-TO-5 KG CUBESATS TO EACH OF THE THOUSANDS OF 10-CM OR LARGER DEBRIS OBJECTS FOR ACTIVE DEORBITING BECOMES PROHIBITIVELY EXPENSIVE. WITH CURRENT CUBESAT LAUNCH COSTS OF ~$250 000 FOR A 3U CUBESAT WITH ~KILOMETER/S DELTA-V PROPULSION AND 3-AXIS ATTITUDE CONTROL THE U.S. WOULD SPEND CLOSE TO BILLION DOLLARS IN LAUNCH COSTS ALONE TO REMOVE 4 THOUSAND DEBRIS OBJECTS. BRANE CRAFT COULD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THAT COST AND ENABLE REMOVAL OF MORE OBJECTS.
$-83FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
The Aerospace Corporation