INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES (IDPS) ARE COLLECTED FROM THE EARTH'S STRATOSPHERE BY NASA. ONE TYPE CHONDRITIC POROUS (CP) IDPS NEVER EXPERIENCED SIGNIFICANT THERMAL OR AQUEOUS PROCESSING GRAVITATIONAL COMPACTION OR IMPACT SHOCK SINCE THEIR FORMATION (ISHII ET AL. SCIENCE 319 447FF 2008) WHICH OVERPRINT OR ERASE THE RECORD OF EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM PROCESSES IN ALL METEORITES. CP IDPS ARE A UNIQUE ASSEMBLAGE OF PRESOLAR GRAINS PRIMITIVE ORGANIC MATTER AND EARLY SOLAR NEBULA CONDENSATES (NGUYEN ET AL. LPSC 46 #2868 2015). EACH ~10 MICRON CP IDP AN AGGREGATE OF>104 GRAINS REQUIRES ANALYSIS AT THE SUB-MICRON SCALE TO CHARACTERIZE INDIVIDUAL MINERALS OR ORGANIC SPOTS. WE PROPOSE THREE RELATED TASKS USING HIGH-RESOLUTION SYNCHROTRON-BASED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) XRAY ABSORPTION NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE (XANES) AND INFRARED (IR) SPECTROSCOPY CONTINUING COSMOCHEMISTRY AND EXOBIOLOGY FUNDED CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIMITIVE IDPS.TASK 1 CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC GRAIN COATINGS: WE IDENTIFIED ORGANIC RIMS COATING EACH SUB-MICRON MINERAL GRAIN IN CP IDPS (FLYNN ET AL. EARTH PLANETS&SPACE 65 1155FF 2013) WHICH LIKELY AIDED GRAIN STICKING IN THE SOLAR NEBULA. THE STRUCTURE IMPLIES A THREE-STEP FORMATION SEQUENCE: 1) SUBMICRON GRAINS CONDENSED 2) THEY WERE COATED WITH A ~100 NM LAYER OF ORGANIC MATTER AND 3) THE GRAINS AGGREGATED TO FORM THE FIRST DUST OF THE SOLAR NEBULA. THESE RIMS ARE LIKELY THE EARLIEST ORGANIC MATTER FORMED IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM WHICH CIESLA AND SANDFORD (SCIENCE 336 452FF 2012) MODELED TO FORM BY CONDENSATION OF CARBON-BEARING ICES ON GRAIN SURFACES IRRADIATION AND HEATING. WE WILL DETERMINE THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN THIS ORGANIC BY C- N- AND O-XANES AND NEAR-FIELD MID-IR SPECTROSCOPY ALLOWING COMPARISON WITH PRODUCTS PREDICTED IN THE MODELS. WE WILL DETERMINE IF S P K AND OTHER BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ELEMENTS ARE PRESENT BY XRF AND IF SO DETERMINE THEIR SPECIATION BY XANES USING THE TENDER ENERGY SPATIALLY RESOLVED X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY BEAMLINE PARTIALLY FUNDED BY A NASA LARS GRANT AT THE NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE II (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY) AND A SCANNING TRANSMISSION X-RAY MICROSCOPE AT THE DIAMOND SYNCHROTRON. THIS TASK ADDRESSESEMERGING WORLDS OBJECTIVES: 'FORMATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES IN SPACE ' 'CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSING OF GAS DUST AND ICE ' AND 'DELIVERY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES TO PLANETARY SURFACES.'TASK 2: MINERALOGY AND ELEMENT DISTRIBUTION IN NEBULAR CONDENSATES: THE PRESENCE OF ORGANIC RIMS IN CP IDPS ALLOWS IDENTIFICATION OF GRAINS THAT FORMED BEFORE THE DUST AGGREGATED. WE IDENTIFIED CARBONATE GRAINS NOT PREDICTED IN MOST NEBULA CONDENSATION MODELS HAVING ORGANIC RIMS IN CP IDPS (FLYNN ET AL. METSOC 2009). WE WILL USE SI-XANES TO SEARCH FOR RARE SILICATE MINERALS E.G. TRIDYMITE AND CRISTOBALITE REPORTED IN WILD 2 GRAINS IN THREE CP IDPS AND XRF MAPPING TO SEARCH FOR HIGH-NI FE-SULFIDES THOUGHT TO OCCUR BY HYDROUS PROCESSING IN ANHYDROUS IDPS. ELEMENT MAPPING AND MINERAL HOST DETERMINATION WILL IDENTIFY THE HOST OF ELEMENTS INCLUDING AL CA NA K MG AND TRACE ELEMENTS ALLOWING A DIRECT TEST OF HOSTS PREDICTED BY CONDENSATION MODELS PROVIDING INSIGHTS TO IMPROVE THE MODELS ADDRESSING THE EMERGING WORLDS OBJECTIVE: "CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSING OF GAS DUST AND ICE."TASK 3 ORIGIN OF GEMS: BRADLEY (SCIENCE 265 925FF 1994) PROPOSED GLASS WITH METAL AND SULFIDES (GEMS) COMMON IN CP IDPS ARE INTERSTELLAR SILICATES. KELLER ET AL. (GCA 75 5336FF 2011) INDICATED GEMS ARE NEBULAR CONDENSATES WITH ELEMENT/SI RATIOS TOO LOW TO BE INTERSTELLAR BUT BRADLEY SUGGESTS ~30% OF SI IN GEMS IS SILICONE OIL (THE COLLECTION MEDIUM). SI-XANES EASILY DISTINGUISHES OIL FROM GEMS QUANTIFYING SILICONE OIL CONTENT RESOLVING THIS QUESTION AND ADDRESSING THE EMERGING WORLDS OBJECTIVE: "THE CHEMICAL" PROPERTIES OF ANCIENT MATERIALS."ONLY EMERGING WORLDS HAS THESE SPECIFIC GOALS WITHIN ITS SCOPE.
$390,000FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Research Foundation For The State University Of New York, The