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THERE IS A PAUCITY OF RADIATION BELT PROTON MEASUREMENTS IN THE ENERGY RANGE OF ~1-20 MEV ESPECIALLY IN THE NEAR-EQUATORIAL REGION. THE PROPOSED EFFORT SEEKS TO ADDRESS THIS GAP BY CALIBRATING 1-20 MEV PROTON MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED BY THE ECT/MAGEIS INSTRUMENT ON VAN ALLEN PROBES. THE VERY FACT THAT SUCH DATA ARE SPARSE INHERENTLY LIMITS OUR ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT GOVERN THE DYNAMICS OF THESE PARTICLES. THEORIES CANNOT BE TESTED NOR CAN MODELS BE VALIDATED WITHOUT THE OBSERVATIONAL GROUND TRUTH. THUS THE POTENTIAL FOR SUCH MEASUREMENTS TO HAVE A WIDE-RANGING APPLICATION ACROSS NASA HELIOPHYSICS PROGRAMS IS HIGH. FOR EXAMPLE A MORE COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SOLAR VARIABILITY INFLUENCES THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THESE PROTONS PARTICULARLY AT THE OUTER EDGE OF THE INNER PROTON BELT WOULD CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS THE GOALS OF THE LIVING WITH A STAR PROGRAM. SPECIFICALLY WE WILL OBTAIN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE RELEVANT TO MITIGATION OR ACCOMMODATION OF UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS OF SOLAR VARIABILITY ON HUMANS AND HUMAN TECHNOLOGY ON THE GROUND AND IN SPACE SINCE THESE PARTICLES CAN DAMAGE SATELLITE SOLAR CELLS OR OTHER LIGHTLY SHIELDED COMPONENTS. MOREOVER FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS THAT WOULD BE ENABLED BY THESE DATA INCLUDE FOR EXAMPLE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PROTON ACCESS TO THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE DURING SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS (E.G. GEOMAGNETIC CUTOFFS) AND OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE HIGH-ENERGY TAIL OF THE RING CURRENT. THUS THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION WOULD ALSO SUPPORT THE GOALS OF THE GUEST INVESTIGATOR (GI) AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH PROGRAMS. INDEED THE MAGEIS TEAM WAS CONTACTED BY TWO INDEPENDENT RESEARCH GROUPS ABOUT THE PROSPECT OF USING THE 1-20 MEV PROTON MEASUREMENTS IN THEIR 2016 GI PROPOSALS. UNFORTUNATELY WE WERE NOT ABLE TO PROVIDE THESE DATA FOR THEIR PROPOSED INVESTIGATIONS BECAUSE THE DATA HAVE NOT BEEN CALIBRATED AND VALIDATED AS THEY ARE NOT SUPPORTED UNDER THE VAN ALLEN PROBES MISSION CONTRACT. WE EMPHASIZE THAT DUE TO THE PAUCITY OF SUCH MEASUREMENTS THE ROLE THAT 1-20 MEV PROTONS PLAY IN THE COUPLED SOLAR/MAGNETOSPHERE/IONOSPHERE SYSTEM AND THEIR ROLE IN SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IS LARGELY UNKNOWN. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY HAS THREE COMPONENTS: (1) DATA CALIBRATION; (2) DATA VALIDATION; AND (3) CODE DEVELOPMENT DATA FORMATTING AND DATA RELEASE. FOR THE FIRST TASK THE INSTRUMENT WILL BE MODELED USING GEANT4 TO CHARACTERIZE ITS BASIC RESPONSE OBTAINING THE CALIBRATION FACTORS NECESSARY TO CONVERT THE EXISTING RAW COUNT RATES INTO DIFFERENTIAL FLUXES. IN ADDITION WE WILL CHARACTERIZE THE INSTRUMENT RESPONSE TO PENETRATING BACKGROUNDS SUCH AS RELATIVISTIC INNER BELT PROTONS AND OUTER BELT ELECTRONS. THE SECOND TASK WILL BE FOCUSED ON VALIDATING THE CALIBRATED DATA. THIS WILL BE DONE THROUGH COMPARISONS WITH THE FEW AVAILABLE MEASUREMENTS IN THE SAME ENERGY AND SPATIAL RANGE COMPARING WITH EMPIRICAL MODELS OF THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT (E.G. AP9) AND USING SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS (SEPS; E.G. 2013 MAY 23) AS A STANDARD CANDLE. SEPS ARE A PARTICULARLY USEFUL WAY TO INTERCALIBRATE AND VALIDATE SUCH DATA AS THESE EVENTS BATHE THE ENTIRETY OF GEOSPACE INCLUDING SENSORS IN THE SOLAR WIND AND AT LUNAR DISTANCES WITH ESSENTIALLY THE SAME PARTICLE POPULATION. THIS ALLOWS MANY DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES TO BE COMPARED AGAINST ONE ANOTHER. THE THIRD AND FINAL TASK WILL BE TO DEVELOP CODE TO PROCESS THE DATA INTO ISTP-COMPLIANT CDF FILES AND TO COORDINATE THE PUBLIC DATA RELEASE. THE CODE DEVELOPMENT DATA PROCESSING AND DATA RELEASE WILL ALL BENEFIT FROM SEVERAL ECONOMIES OF SCALE DUE TO THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE VAN ALLEN PROBES MISSION. IN PARTICULAR MINIMAL CODE DEVELOPMENT WILL BE REQUIRED AS THE BASIC CODE STRUCTURE TO READ IN AND PROCESS THESE DATA ALREADY EXISTS. THE DATA PROCESSING AND DATA RELEASE INFRASTRUCTURE THAT ALREADY EXISTS VIA THE ECT LANL SOC WILL BE SIMILARLY LEVERAGED.

$77,422FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

The Aerospace Corporation

Investigators

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