INVESTIGATING THE COSMOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE SWIFT DISCOVERY OF BI-MODALITY IN THE UV-OPTICAL COLORS OF NORMAL TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE OBTAINING OBSERVATIONS AS A SECONDARY SCIENCE GOAL OF THE GRB MISSION SWIFT THE 30CM UVOT CAMERA HAS DISCOVERED A BI-MODALITY IN NUV-OPTICAL EMISSION FROM THE NORMAL TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE (SNEIA) USED AS COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCE INDICATORS. THE BI-MODALITY WITH NUV-RED (NUVR) AND NUV-BLUE (NUVB) SNE WAS APPARENT BECAUSE UVOT HAS INCREASED BY TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE THE NUMBER OF UV OBSERVATIONS OF THIS TYPE OF SN. AS A FOLLOW-UP TO THE UVOT DISCOVERY THIS BI-MODALITY HAS ALSO BEEN SEEN IN THE LOW-Z MID-Z AND HIGH-Z SN SURVEY DATA OBTAINED WITH HST KECK VLT AND GEMINI. THE BI-MODALITY WAS CONFIRMED BUT WITH A REVERSAL OF DOMINANCE FROM NUVR EVENTS IN THE LOCAL UNIVERSE TO NUVB AT HIGH-Z. THIS MEANS THAT THE LOCAL SNEIA THAT TRAIN DISTANCE-DETERMINATION ROUTINES DIFFER FROM THE FAR-AWAY SNE IA WHOSE DISTANCES ARE ESTIMATED WITH THE ROUTINES. FURTHER THE GROUP THAT DOMINATES AT HIGH REDSHIFT IS ALSO SLIGHTLY BLUER IN THE OPTICAL WAVELENGTH RANGE MEANING THAT EXTINCTION ESTIMATES ARE LIKELY SYSTEMATICALLY LOW FOR THE SNE IA AT COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES. IF THE EXTINCTION ESTIMATES ARE TRULY UNDER-ESTIMATED THE ACCELERATION OF THE UNIVERSE'S EXPANSION WOULD BE LOWER THAN CURRENTLY THOUGHT LEADING TO A LOWER AMOUNT OF DARK ENERGY. THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THIS DISCOVERY UPON BOTH SN COSMOLOGY AND SN THEORY DEMAND A CONCENTRATED EFFORT TO EXPLORE ITS FULL RAMIFICATIONS. THIS PROPOSAL SEEKS SUPPORT BOTH TO DRAMATICALLY INCREASE THE UVOT SAMPLE OF NUVR AND NUVB SNE BEYOND THE SAMPLE IN AND TO ENHANCE THE SAMPLE WITH OBSERVATIONS MADE IN OTHER WAVELENGTHS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SN EMISSION THE EXPLOSION PHYSICS AND EXPLOSION PROGENITORS. FOR COSMOLOGY WE WILL DETERMINE THE ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES OF THE SNE IN THE UVOT SAMPLE UTILIZING EXISTING CEPHEID OR SBF DISTANCES FOR VERY NEARBY SNE AND UTILIZING HUBBLE FLOW DISTANCES FOR SLIGHTLY FURTHER SNE. DETERMINING WHETHER NUVR AND NUVB SNE IA DIFFER IN ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE IS IMPORTANT IN THE UV FILTERS BUT ESPECIALLY IN THE OPTICAL FILTERS WHERE MEASUREMENTS THAT DISCOVERED THE ACCELERATING UNIVERSE DID NOT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THESE TWO GROUPS. TOWARDS THE THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE BI-MODALITY WE WILL DELVE FURTHER INTO THE EMERGING CORRELATIONS PRESENT IN THE INITIAL SAMPLE. AS THE UV EMISSION IS A SENSITIVE PROBE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF IRON-PEAK ELEMENTS IN THE SN EJECTA THE UVOT LIGHT CURVES ARE REVEALING THE NATURE OF THE EXPLOSIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS IN THE SN EXPLOSION. THIS IS IMPORTANT AS THE GREATEST MYSTERY OF SNE~IA; "WHAT IS THE PROGENITOR SYSTEM THAT LEADS TO A SNIA?" REMAINS PARTIALLY UNANSWERED. THE NUVB EVENTS APPEAR TO CORRELATE WITH THE DETECTION OF CARBON IN THE OPTICAL SPECTRA WHICH HAS BEEN SUGGESTED TO BE DUE TO PRESENCE OF AN UNBURBED CARBON CAP IN THE OUTER LAYERS OF THE EJECTA. NUVB EVENTS ARE ALL OF THE LOW-SILICON VELOCITY GROUP AND THE MAJORITY OF NUVB EVENTS OCCUR IN EARLY (E/S0) GALAXIES. THE THEORETICAL WORK WILL ADVANCE THROUGH MORE SNE INCLUDED IN THE INVESTIGATION BUT ALSO BECAUSE MORE INFORMATION WILL BE INCLUDED FOR EACH SN. PECULIAR SNEIA COMPRISE ROUGHLY HALF OF THE 200 SNEIA OBSERVED WITH UVOT. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES IN THE UV-OPT COLOR EVOLUTION HAVE REVEALED A NUMBER OF INTERESTING CHARACTERISTICS IN THESE EVENTS IN SOME CASES APPEARING QUITE SIMILAR TO NORMAL SNEIA BUT IN OTHER CASES DIFFERING APPRECIABLY. OBSERVING AND CATEGORIZING THESE DIFFERENCES WILL IMPROVE THE THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXPLOSION PHYSICS AND PROGENITOR SYSTEM OF ALL SNEIA. COLLECTIVELY THESE EFFORTS WILL MAXIMIZE THE SCIENTIFIC RETURN FROM THE VERY SUCCESSFUL NASA SWIFT MISSION. TEN YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS AND EFFORT HAVE AFFORDED INSIGHT INTO THE CAPABILITIES OF THE UVOT FOR SNIA SCIENCE THREE MORE YEARS OF CONCENTRATED EFFORT WILL PRODUCE BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE STUDY OF SNEIA AS WELL
$282,979FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Arizona, Tucson AZ