THE ISPE A CONSORTIUM ORGANIZED TO CHARACTERIZE THE COLLECTION OF MATERIALS ON THE STARDUST INTERSTELLAR COLLECTOR IDENTIFIED THE IMPACTS OF SEVEN PARTICLES THAT ARE CONSISTENT WITH AN ORIGIN IN THE STREAM OF INTERSTELLAR DUST FROM THE LOCAL ISM. THE ISPE CONSISTED OF SIX COORDINATED EFFORTS: IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS IN THE AEROGEL COLLECTORS THROUGH A DISTRIBUTED SEARCH CALLED STARDUST@HOME; EXTRACTION OF CANDIDATE TRACKS; ANALYSES OF CANDIDATES USING SYNCHROTRON-BASED X-RAY AND INFRARED MICROPROBES; IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS IN THE AL FOILS OF THE STARDUST COLLECTOR BY SEM IMAGING AND SEM/EDX; LABORATORY HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT EXPERIMENTS OF INTERSTELLAR DUST ANALOGS INTO AEROGEL AND FOILS; AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF INTERSTELLAR DUST PROPAGATION IN THE HELIOSPHERE. SINCE THE END OF THE ISPE MORE LEVEL 1 CANDIDATES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND ARE CURRENTLY UNDER STUDY. ALSO IN COLLABORATION WITH RHONDA STROUD AND BRAD DE GREGORIO AT NRL WE HAVE RECENTLY LAUNCHED A NEW ASPECT OF THE STARDUST@HOME PROJECT TO ENLIST THE HELP OF VOLUNTEERS IN THE EFFORT TO IDENTIFY IMPACTS IN THE AL FOILS. DURING THE PILOT PHASE OF FOILS@HOME -130 VOLUNTEERS CARRIED OUT -379 000 SEARCHES OF -152 000 INDIVIDUAL FIELDS OF VIEW. 36 NEW CANDIDATES RESULTING FROM THESE SEARCHES ARE CURRENTLY IN PROGRESS. THE EVIDENCE FOR INTERSTELLAR ORIGIN HAS BEEN INDIRECT. A MEASUREMENT OF THE ABUNDANCES OF OXYGEN ISOTOPES IS CRITICAL FOR IDENTIFYING PARTICLES OF INTERSTELLAR ORIGIN. A MEASUREMENT THAT IS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE SOLAR SYSTEM VALUES IS A SMOKING GUN FOR INTERSTELLAR ORIGIN. SUCH MEASUREMENTS ARE POSSIBLE NOW IN RESIDUES IN IMPACT CRATERS. HOWEVER SUCH MEASUREMENTS ARE NOT YET POSSIBLE ON THE LARGEST PARTICLES WHICH ARE CAPTURED IN AEROGEL BECAUSE THE SAMPLE PREPARATION IS NOT YET AT A SUFFICIENTLY MATURE STAGE. UNDER PREVIOUS SUPPORT WE HAVE BEEN REFINING AND EXTENDING CURRENT SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES BASED ON THE SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOLS DEVELOPED FOR THE COMETARY STARDUST SAMPLES WHICH ARE MUCH LARGER THAN THE INTERSTELLAR DUST SAMPLES. HERE TRACKS IN AEROGEL KEYSTONES ARE COMPRESSED EMBEDDED IN EPOXY AND ULTRAMICROTOMED TO PRODUCED ULTRAMICROTOMED THIN SECTIONS AND PARTICLES IN POTTED BUTTS. FOR THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING THE PROTOCOLS STEVE JONES AT JPL PRODUCED AEROGEL TILES IMPREGNATED WITH ALLENDE SPINEL SEPARATES WHICH HAVE OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION WELL DOWN THE CCAM LINE. WHILE WE SHOWED THAT WE COULD MEASURE THESE PARTICLES SUCCESSFULLY OUR ASSESSMENT IS THAT THIS TECHNIQUE IS FUNDAMENTALLY TOO UNRELIABLE TO BE USED FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR INTERSTELLAR DUST CANDIDATES. HERE WE SEEK SUPPORT TO CONTINUE THE STARDUST@HOME PROJECT TO COMPLETE THE SEARCH FOR IMPACTS IN THE REMAINING INTERSTELLAR COLLECTOR AEROGEL TILES AND TO CONTINUE THE IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS IN THE FOILS. WE ALSO PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A COMPLETELY NEW SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON FOCUSED ION-BEAM (FIB) MILLING. ALL OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED BUT HAVE NOT YET BEEN INTEGRATED INTO A RELIABLE SAMPLE PREPARATION PROTOCOL. WE WILL USE HIGH-ANGLE ION MILLING IN THE FIB SIMILAR TO THAT USED FOR ION-BEAM POLISHING FOR EBSD. DURING MILLING WE WILL USE THE CAPABILITY OF A NEW FIB CURRENTLY BEING ACQUIRED BY THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AT LBL TO SIMULTANEOUSLY MONITORING THE SAMPLE BY SEM BACKSCATTER IMAGING AND EDX. TO MITIGATE THE PROBLEM OF SAMPLE CHARGING WE WILL USE ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION TO DEPOSIT CONDUCTIVE LAYERS INSIDE THE AEROGEL PICOKEYSTONES. THE RESULTING SAMPLE WILL BE IDEALLY SUITED FOR OXYGEN ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS USING SIMS OR NANOSIMS AND SUFFICIENT MATERIAL SHOULD BE AVAILABLE TO ALLOW FOR SUBSEQUENT ANALYSES. AFTER VERIFICATION THROUGH EXTENSIVE TESTING WE WILL MEASURE OXYGEN ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF EXISTING AND FUTURE INTERSTELLAR DUST CANDIDATES. THE PROJECT IS HIGHLY RELEVANT TO THE LARS PROGRAM.
$526,684FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
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