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TRANSITIONAL DISKS ARE AN INTERMEDIATE STAGE BETWEEN GAS-RICH PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AND OLDER DEBRIS DISKS/YOUNG PLANETARY SYSTEMS. THEY HAVE ATTRACTED RECENT INTEREST AS HIGH RESOLUTION HIGH CONTRAST IMAGING FACILITIES HAVE BEGUN TO RESOLVE INDIRECT AND DIRECT SIGNATURES OF RECENTLY FORMED PLANETARY BODIES IN THESE SYSTEMS ACROSS A BROAD RANGE OF WAVELENGTHS (NEAR-IR MID-IR MM). REGIONS IN DISKS WHERE WE EXPECT GIANT PLANETS TO HAVE RECENTLY FORMED CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY COMPARISON OF SUB-MM IMAGERY WITH NIR HIGH CONTRAST IMAGERY. PLANETS HAVE RECENTLY BEEN DIRECTLY IMAGED IN A FEW SYSTEMS. IF THE TRANSITIONAL DISK PHASE IS A TYPICAL STEP IN CLEARING OF DISKS AND MOST OF THESE HAVE STRUCTURE CONSISTENT WITH DISK-PLANET INTERACTIONS GIANT PLANETS SHOULD BE RELATIVELY COMMON. IMAGING SURVEYS OF NEARBY MOVING GROUPS FIND A ~2% OVERALL GIANT PLANET FREQUENCY IN THE 5-150 AU RANGE. HOWEVER THE FREQUENCY OFGIANT PLANETS ON WIDE ORBITS MIGHT BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN SYSTEMS WITH CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AND THERE COULD BE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN FREQUENCY WITH HOST STAR AND DISK PROPERTIES. FOR EXAMPLE AMONG THE 8 BETA PICTORIS MOVING GROUP A - EARLY F STARS 2 PLANETS ARE ALREADY KNOWN WHILE 2 OTHER SYSTEMS HOST TRANSITING EXOCOMETS SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN SPECTRA OF BETA PIC AND USED TO PREDICT THE EXISTENCE OF BETA PICTORIS B. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT THE GIANT PLANET DETECTION RATE IS>25% AND MAY REACH 50%. MOREOVER PREVIOUS EXOPLANET SURVEYS COULD REACH ONLY BODIES WITH MASSES>5 MJUP IN TRANSITIONAL DISKS AND AT INNER WORKING ANGLES (IWA)>0.15" (21 AU AT 140 PC). A NEW ERA OF HIGH CONTRAST IMAGING HAS BEGUN WITH EXTREME ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND ADVANCED CORONAGRAPHS THATACHIEVE 3X SMALLER IWAS AND AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE HIGHER CONTRASTS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR HOST STARS. WE CAN NOW PROBE THE GIANT EXOPLANET FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IN FORMING PLANETARY SYSTEMS ON SCALES COMPARABLE TO OUR OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM. WE PROPOSE TO BUILD UP THE SEEDS SURVEY AND CONDUCT A 3 PART STUDY TO: 1) LOCATE LIKELY REGIONS OF RECENT PLANET FORMATION IN TRANSITIONAL DISKS; 2) CONDUCT AN IMAGING SEARCH FOR PLANETS IN THESE TRANSITIONAL DISKS WITH EVIDENCE OF RECENT PLANET FORMATION; 3) CONDUCT AN IMAGING PLANET SEARCH FOR PLANETS IN YOUNG WISE-SELECTED DEBRIS DISKS WE WILL UTILIZE EXTREME AO NIR IMAGERY BOTH FROM SUBARU AND GEMINI AS WELL AS HIGH-RESOLUTION MM IMAGERY FROM ALMA. OUR SURVEY WILL ALLOW US TO IDENTIFY PLANETS IN TRANSITIONAL DISKS WHICH ARE STILL ACCRETING MATERIAL AND TO TEST WHETHER YOUNG DEBRIS DISK PLANETS HAVE A SIMILAR SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION TO THOSE SEEN IN TRANSITIONAL DISKS IMPLYING IN SITU FORMATION AT LARGE DISTANCES FROM THEIR HOST STARS. OUR INVESTIGATION LEVERAGES A STRONG EXISTING INTERNATIONAL SET OF COLLABORATORS THE LARGEST EXTANT HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING STUDY OF TRANSITIONAL DISKS (I.E SEEDS) AND SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF APPROVED OBSERVING TIME (SUBARU GEMINI ALMA SMA). THIS WORK IS DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO THE GOALS OF THE EXOPLANET RESEARCH PROGRAM AND SPECIFICALLY THE OBJECTIVE OF DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANETS AND PLANETARY SYSTEMS OUTSIDE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.

$531,215FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

University Of Oklahoma, Norman OK

Investigators

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