BLAZARS ARE A SUBCLASS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH NON THERMAL VARIABLE EMISSION EXTENDING OVER MOST OF THE ELECTROMAGNETICSPECTRUM FROM RADIO UP TO GAMMA RAYS. THE BLAZAR EMISSION IS BELIEVED TO ORIGINATE IN RELATIVISTIC JETS EMERGING FROM SUPER MASSIVE BLACK HOLES AT GALACTIC CENTERS WHEN THE JET POINTS CLOSE TO THE LINE OF SIGHT. BECAUSE OF THEIR VERY HIGH ENERGY EMISSION AND HIGH LUMINOSITY BLAZARS HAVE LONG BEEN CONSIDERED AS PRIME CANDIDATES FOR THE ACCELERATION OF ULTRA HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS UHECRS.IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE THEREFORE THAT BLAZARS HAVE BEEN THE TARGET OF MULTIPLE OBSERVATIONAL CAMPAIGNS. NASA SATELLITE MISSIONS IN SYNERGY WITH GROUND BASED FACILITIES HAVE LED TO HUGE OBSERVATIONAL PROGRESS IN RECENT YEARS. YET THE THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE NON THERMAL PROCESSES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BLAZAR EMISSION LAGS FAR BEHIND THE OBSERVATIONAL PROGRESS. THERE IS NO RELIABLE THEORY BUILT FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES FOR THE ENERGY DISSIPATION AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION MECHANISMS AT WORK IN BLAZAR JETS. AS A RESULT THERE EXISTS NO BROADLY ACCEPTED FRAMEWORK FOR THE PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION GEOMETRY AND MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE HIGH ENERGY EMITTING REGIONS IN BLAZARS.OVER THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS CO PI GIANNIOS HAS ARGUED THAT BLAZAR EMISSION CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AS THE RESULT OF MAGNETIC ENERGY DISSIPATION VIA MAGNETIC RECONNECTION. IN PARTICULAR THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN THE RECONNECTION LAYER WHERE THE EMISSION IS ASSUMED TO TAKE PLACE CAN NATURALLY REPRODUCE THE EXTREME ENERGETICS AND TIMESCALES OF THE OBSERVED FLARING EPISODES IN BLAZARS. HERE WE PROPOSE TO PUT THE THEORY OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF BLAZAR EMISSION ON A MUCH MORE ROBUST FOOTING BY CAPITALIZING ON NEW OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS AND LARGE PROGRESS IN FULLY KINETIC PARTICLE IN CELL PIC SIMULATIONS LED BY CO PI SIRONI. THANKS TO LARGE SCALE PIC SIMULATIONS WE HAVE RECENTLY DEMONSTRATED THAT RECONNECTION CAN SATISFY ALL THE BASIC CONDITIONS FOR THE BLAZAR EMISSION EFFICIENT DISSIPATION EXTENDED PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS AND ROUGH EQUIPARTITION BETWEEN PARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELD IN THEEMITTING REGION. IN ADDITION WE HAVE SHOWN THAT QUASI SPHERICAL PLASMOIDS OR MAGNETIC ISLANDS FILLED WITH HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES AND MAGNETIC FIELDS ARE A SELF CONSISTENT BY PRODUCT OF THE RECONNECTION PROCESS AND THEIR PROPERTIES MAKE THEM EXCELLENT CANDIDATES FOR THE BLOBS USUALLY INVOKED IN BLAZAR EMISSION MODELING.DESPITE THIS RECENT PROGRESS MANY QUESTIONS REMAIN TO BE ADDRESSED WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF BLAZAR JETS AND HOW DOES IT RELATE TO THE OBSERVED SPECTRA? WHAT IS THE STATISTICS OF FLARES PRODUCED BY RECONNECTION? WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN THE LARGE SCALE JET STRUCTURE AND THE EMITTING REGIONS? THIS PROPOSAL PLANS TO ADDRESS THESE QUESTIONS AND ULTIMATELY DEVELOP A SELF CONSISTENT MODEL FOR THE BLAZAR EMISSION WHICH CAN BE EASILY EXTENDED TO OTHER RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICAL OUTFLOWS INCLUDING GAMMA RAY BURSTS AND PULSAR WIND NEBULAE.WE PROPOSE TO PERFORM A SUITE OF TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PIC SIMULATIONS OF RECONNECTION WITH PARAMETERS RELEVANT FOR BLAZAR JETS. WE DESCRIBE A ROBUST METHOD ALREADY DEMONSTRATED IN OUR RECENT PAPERS TO EXTRAPOLATE THE RESULTS FROM THE MICROSCOPIC PLASMA SCALES OF PIC SIMULATIONS TO THE MACROSCOPIC SCALES OF BLAZAR EMISSION. THIS METHOD WILL DETERMINE FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES THE PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH GEOMETRY AND SIZE OF THE EMITTING REGIONS. WE PLAN TO COMPLEMENT THIS STUDY WITHLARGE SCALE MODELS OF THE JET STRUCTURE TO PIN DOWN THE LOCATION AND SIZE OF THE DISSIPATION REGION AND TO BETTER DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF DISSIPATED ENERGY. WITH THIS INFORMATION AND THE EXTENSIVE RADIATIVE TRANSFER EXPERIENCE OF CO I PETROPOULOU WE WILL BE ABLE TO CALCULATE LIGHTCURVES POLARIZATION PATTERNS AND SPECTRA AS WELL AS PREDICT THE UHECR ACCELERATION AND NEUTRINO EMISSION ASSOCIATED TO RECONNECTION EVENTS IN BLAZARS.
$507,421FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
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