THE MULTI-SCALE COUPLING WHICH LEADS TO DISSIPATION IN COLLISIONLESS PLASMA TURBULENCE PLAYS A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE HELIOSPHERE. ALTHOUGH IT IS WELL ACCEPTED THAT A NONLINEAR CASCADE IS OCCURRING IN TURBULENT PLASMAS IN THE HELIOSPHERE LEADING TO SIGNIFICANT HEATING THE LINK BETWEEN THIS CASCADE AND THE RESULTANT HEATING IS UNCLEAR. FURTHERMORE INTERMITTENCY AND CURRENT SHEETS (BOTH RECONNECTING AND NON-RECONNECTING) ARE PREVALENT IN HELIOSPHERIC PLASMA BUT THEIR ROLE IN THE CASCADE AND HEATING IS ONLY BEGINNING TO BE UNDERSTOOD. FOR THIS REASON THIS PROPOSAL IS FOCUSED ON THE "TRIAD OF INTERACTIONS" THAT RELATE THE CASCADE RATES THE HEATING RATES AND THE RECONNECTION RATES IN TURBULENT PLASMA. THE MAIN SCIENCE QUESTION THEREFORE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS: WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CASCADE RATES HEATING RATES AND RECONNECTION RATES IN TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND AND THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSHEATH? THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL FOCUS ON TWO KEY SUBQUESTIONS: (1) IN TURBULENT PLASMAS HOW DOES THE CASCADE ESTABLISH CONDITIONS FOR RECONNECTION? AND (2) WHAT FRACTION OF HEATING IN TURBULENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH RECONNECTION AND HOW DOES THIS VARY WITH PLASMA AND TURBULENCE PROPERTIES? BY "HEATING " WE MEAN IN INCREASE OF THE SECOND MOMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION. THESE TWO SUB-QUESTIONS WILL BE ADDRESSED USING FULLY KINETIC PARTICLE-INCELL SIMULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS. THESE TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF DECAYING TURBULENCE WILL INCLUDE THE LOWER END OF THE INERTIAL RANGE WHILE STILL SELF-CONSISTENTLY INCLUDING THE PHYSICS OF BOTH ION AND ELECTRON HEATING. THE SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS WILL FOCUS ON TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND AND THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSHEATH USING WIND THEMIS/ARTEMIS CLUSTER AND MMS OBSERVATIONS. FIRST THE PLASMA CONDITIONS CONTROLLING CURRENT SHEET STRUCTURE AND RECONNECTION IN TURBULENCE WILL BE EXAMINED. LIKELY CONDITIONS TO BE STUDIED ARE: CASCADE RATE TURBULENCE AMPLITUDE PLASMA BETA AND ALFVEN RATIO. SECOND THIS UNDERSTANDING OF THE STATISTICS OF RECONNECTION AND CURRENT SHEETS AND THE TURBULENT FACTORS CONTROLLING THEM WILL BE APPLIED TO CURRENT LAMINAR RECONNECTION HEATING KNOWLEDGE TO DETERMINE THE ROLE THAT HEATING ASSOCIATED WITH RECONNECTION IS PLAYING IN TURBULENT HEATING. THIS RESEARCH RELATES BEST TO THE DECADAL SURVEY GOAL 4: "DISCOVER AND CHARACTERIZE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR BOTH WITHIN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE." THERE IS STRONG RELEVANCE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TO PRESENT AND UPCOMING MISSIONS GIVEN THAT RECONNECTION TURBULENCE AND HEATING IN VARIOUS COMBINATIONS ARE CENTRAL TO THE DRIVING SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS BEHIND THE MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE SOLAR PROBE PLUS AND SOLAR ORBITER MISSIONS.