THE MSL CURIOSITY ROVER CARRIES A MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM CALLED MASTCAM THAT HAS BEEN IMAGING THE MARTIAN SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERE IN 12 UNIQUE SPECTRAL BANDPASSES (INCLUDING BROAD-BAND RGB) BETWEEN 400-1100 NM SINCE THE ROVER LANDED IN GALE CRATER IN AUGUST 2012. THE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION COLOR AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING CAPABILITIES OF MASTCAM PROVIDE AN IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL RESOURCE USED TACTICALLY TO HELP CHOOSE SPECIFIC DRIVE PATHS AND REGIONS FOR MORE DETAILED IN SITU ANALYSES AND OCCASIONAL DRILLING. MASTCAM MULTISPECTRAL DATA ALSO ENABLE A LIMITED ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND MINERALOGY OF THE LANDING SITE AND TRAVERSE FOR SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT PURPOSES. FOR EXAMPLE 12-POINT SPECTRA ARE SENSITIVE TO THE AMOUNT OF THE DUST COVER ON ROCK SURFACES THEPRESENCE AND CRYSTALLINITY OF CERTAIN FE-BEARING PHASES AND WEAK HYDRATION FEATURES IN MINERAL-FILLED VEINS.MASTCAM IMAGES ARE PRESENTLY ONLY BEING ARCHIVED TO THE PDS AS CALIBRATED RADIANCE FACTOR OR I/F (WHERE I IS THE MEASURED RADIANCE AND PI*F IS EQUAL TO THE ESTIMATED SOLAR IRRADIANCE AT THE TOP OF THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE AT THE TIME OF THE OBSERVATION) WITHOUT USING ANY INFORMATION FROM PRE-FLIGHT OR IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION OR FROM THE ONBOARD MASTCAM CALIBRATION TARGET. IN PRINCI-PLE THE ARCHIVED I/F DATA CAN BE USED TO COMPARE 12-COLOR MASTCAM "SPECTRA" TO LABORATORY RE-FLECTANCE SPECTRA OF ROCKS AND MINERALS FOR THE PURPOSES OF DETECTING SPECIFIC PHASES OR ATTEMPTING TO MODEL THEIR RELATIVE ABUNDANCES. HOWEVER IN REALITY THE PDS ARCHIVED MASTCAM DATA DO NOT CORRECT FOR THE SIGNIFICANT AND TIME-VARIABLE SPECTRAL INFLUENCE OF THE DUSTY MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE ON THE DERIVED COLORS OF THESURFACE NOR ARE THEY CALIBRATED TO RADIANCE FACTOR USING CALIBRATION TARGET IMAGES OR THE LATEST ANALYSIS OF PRE-FLIGHT AND IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION DATA SETS (E.G. FLATFIELDS RADIANCE COEFFICIENTS). THE RESULT IS THAT USERS WHO ATTEMPT TO CREATE THEIR OWN REFLECTANCE SPECTRAFROM ARCHIVED MASTCAM RADIANCE DATA SETS END UP WITH SPECTRA THAT DEVIATE SUBSTANTIALLY FROM PREVIOUS TELESCOPIC ORBITAL LANDER AND ROVER MULTISPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS OF MARS. THE MASTCAM PI AND TEAM HAVE NO PLANS OR FUNDING TO ARCHIVE HIGHER-FIDELITY MASTCAM I/F DATA SETS.HERE WE PROPOSE TO CREATE AND ARCHIVE IN THE PDS A MORE ACCURATE AND SCIENTIFICALLY-USEFUL SET OF MASTCAM IMAGES CALIBRATED TO I/F FOR USE IN LABORATORY COMPARISONS RADIATIVE TRANSFER STUDIES AND SPECTRAL ABUNDANCE/MIXTURE MODELING. A CRITICAL PART OF OUR APPROACH WILL BE TO USE THE ONBOARD MASTCAM CALIBRATION TARGET AS A REFERENCE. PAST EXPERIENCE WITH MER AND MPF IM-AGES CALIBRATED USINGSIMILAR ONBOARD CALIBRATION TARGETS SHOWS THAT RELATIVE CALIBRATION VIA THE TARGET CORRECTS FOR MOST OF THE SPECTRAL INFLUENCE OF THE MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE AND GENERATES SPECTRA THAT CAN BE DIRECTLY COMPARED TO LAB AND THEORETICAL REFLECTANCE MODELING RESULTS.OUR WORK IS RELEVANT TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PDART PROGRAM AS A DATA PRODUCT GENERATION EFFORT THAT WOULD CREATE AND ARCHIVE HIGHER-ORDER PROPERLY-VALIDATED DATA PRODUCTS THAT ARE MORE ACCURATE AND SCIENTIFICALLY USEFUL THAN THOSE THAT CURRENTLY EXIST WITHIN THE PDS. SOURCE DATA WOULD BE THE EXISTING RAW MASTCAM EDRS ARCHIVED IN THE PDS GEOSCIENCES NODE AND OUTPUTS WOULD BE ROBUSTLY CALIBRATED AND VALIDATED RDRS THAT PROVIDE ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF RADIANCE AND RADIANCE FACTOR IN EACH MASTCAM FILTER.OUR TEAM HAS SUBSTANTIAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE PREVIOUS CREATION AND ARCHIVING OF I/F DATA SETS FROM MPF AND MER AND WITH THE MODELING WORK NEEDED TO PROPERLY CALIBRATE THE MASTCAM DATA SETS. WE HAVE ALSO BEEN ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN THE ACQUISITION OF THE MASTCAM IMAGES AND THEIR TAC-TICAL CALIBRATION AND SO ARE INTIMATELY FAMILIAR WITH THE STARTING DATA SET FOR THIS PROJECT. WE HAVE DISCUSSED THE PROJECT WITH THE GEOSCIENCES NODE AND THEY HAVE AGREED TO ARCHIVE THE DATA SET.
$465,775FY2017National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Arizona State University, Scottsdale AZ