CUBESATS ARE A UBIQUITOUS SATELLITE PLATFORM COMPOSED OF 10X10X10CM "1U" UNITS WITH HUNDREDS OF MISSIONS FLOWN. CUBESATS INCREASINGLY REQUIRE 3-AXIS CONTROL FOR POINTING THE SCIENCE PAYLOAD OR COMMUNICATIONS ANTENNA AND DUE TO MASS AND VOLUME CONSTRAINTS USE A SUITE OF REACTION WHEELS FOR IMPLEMENTING FINE CONTROL. THROUGH THE COURSE OF AN ORBIT EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE TORQUES ACTING ON THE CUBESAT REACTION WHEEL SYSTEM SATURATE AND RESULT IN A LOSS OF CONTROL FOR THE CUBESAT. IN THIS CASE MAGNETIC TORQUERS ACTUATE MOMENTUM DUMPING BY PROVIDING A TORQUE TO DESATURATE THE SYSTEM. RATHER THAN USING MAGNETIC TORQUERS I PROPOSE A METHODOLOGY USING AERODYNAMIC TORQUES TO DESATURATE REACTION WHEELS. AS THE SYSTEM STARTS TO SLOWLY LOSE CONTROL CAPABILITY DUE TO SATURATION THE REACTION WHEELS CAN BE USED PERIODICALLY TO ORIENT THE SPACECRAFT IN AN ORIENTATION WHERE THE RESULTING AERODYNAMIC TORQUE DESATURATES THE SYSTEM. AERODYNAMIC TORQUES ON A SPACECRAFT RESULT FROM DRAG IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT (LEO) ACTING ON THE SPACECRAFT MOMENT ARM. USING A METHODOLOGY DESCRIBED BY KARAMI AND SASSANI THE CUBESAT CAN BE RE-ORIENTED TO ALIGN THE MOMENT ARM IN A CONFIGURATION SUCH THAT THE AERODYNAMIC TORQUE DESATURATES THE SYSTEM. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THIS ORIENTATION AN ACCURATE ESTIMATE OF THE CENTER OF PRESSURE MUST BE CALCULATED. THIS CENTER OF PRESSURE DETERMINES THE DIRECTION OF THE MOMENT ARM AND HENCE THE RESULTING AERODYNAMIC TORQUE DIRECTION. A MULTIPLICATIVE EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER (MEKF) ALGORITHM HAS BEEN PROPOSED THAT USES EULER'S RIGID-BODY EQUATIONS AND SENSOR MEASUREMENTS TO PROVIDE AN ACCURATE ESTIMATE OF THE LOCATION OF THIS CENTER OF PRESSURE. AFTER THE MEKF HAS BEEN RUN THE UPDATED CENTER OF PRESSURE ESTIMATE IS THEN USED TO IMPLEMENT THE KARAMI/SASSANI METHODOLOGY TO DESATURATE THE SYSTEM. THROUGH A COMBINATION OF THEORETICAL AND SIMULATION-BASED VERIFICATION METHODS THE GLOBAL STABILITY AND EFFICACY OF THIS AERODYNAMIC TORQUE DESATURATION METHOD CAN BE INVESTIGATED. CUBESATS TYPICALLY ALLOCATE 10-20 PERCENT OF VOLUME ON A 1U PLATFORM FOR MAGNETIC TORQUERS USED TO DESATURATE REACTION WHEELS. THE PROPOSED AERODYNAMIC TORQUE DESATURATION METHODOLOGY WOULD ALLOW FOR MORE VOLUME MASS AND POWER TO BE DEDICATED FOR AN ADDITIONAL RW EXPANDED SCIENCE PAYLOAD OR MINIATURE ELECTRIC PROPULSION THRUSTER TO ENABLE A GREATER CAPABILITY FOR MISSIONS. FURTHERMORE THIS METHODOLOGY TO USE EXTERNAL DISTURBANCE TORQUES TO DESATURATE REACTION WHEELS CAN BE EXTENDED TO CUBESAT MISSIONS FLYING TO PLANETARY BODIES WHERE MASS AND VOLUME CONSTRAINTS AND THE LACK OF A PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD RULE OUT THE USE OF THRUSTERS OR MAGNETIC TORQUERS FOR DESATURATION. THUS DOZENS OF CUBESAT MISSIONS IN ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY THAT USE REACTION WHEELS COULD BENEFIT FROM THIS IMPLEMENTATION.
$296,422FY2016National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
The Leland Stanford Junior University