THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP 22-23% EFFICIENT LARGE-AREA COMMERCIAL READY AG FREE PASSIVATED EMITTER AND REAR CELL (PERC) AND TUNNEL OXIDE PASSIVATED CONTACTS (TOPCON) CELLS BY REPLACING THE EXPENSIVE SCREEN-PRINTED AG CONTACTS IN OUR CURRENT CELLS WITH LOW-COST SCREEN-PRINTED CU AND /OR AL CONTACTS, WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE CELL EFFICIENCY.