ADVANCE PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY USING IN-LINE ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODOLOGIES. THE GOAL OF THIS 12-MONTH PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP AND DEMONSTRATE A SIMPLE, EASILY IMPLEMENTED AND SCALABLE, NON-DESTRUCTIVE PROTOTYPE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROBE (TOP CONTACT) FOR THE: I) CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTIVE DEFECTS IN METAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL LAYERS DURING IN-LINE MANUFACTURING (E.G., ROLL-TO-ROLL COATING) AND II) ASSESSING QUALITY, STABILITY, AND DURABILITY OF DEVICE LAYERS UNDER OPERANDO CONDITIONS AND WITH ADDED EXTERNAL STRESSORS (I.E., HUMIDITY, LIGHT, AND TEMPERATURE), BY MONITORING TIME-DEPENDENT CHANGES TO REACTIVE DEFECT SPECIATION, ENERGETICS AND CONCENTRATIONS, FOR LOW DEFECT DENSITY PEROVSKITE ACTIVE LAYERS. THE END GOAL OF THIS PROJECT WILL BE TO DELIVER A PROTOTYPE, IN-LINE ELECTROCHEMICAL PROBE TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN BE INTEGRATED INTO QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR LARGE-AREA THIN FILMS IN THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT MANUFACTURING OF PEROVSKITE-BASED OPTO-ELECTRONIC/ENERGY CONVERSION PLATFORMS (MILESTONE 4). IN ACHIEVING THIS END GOAL, WE WILL INTEGRATE THE SENSOR ONTO A DEMONSTRATION ROBOTIC ARM.