SMALL INNOVATIVE PROJECTS IN SOLAR 2022- CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER AND PHOTOVOLTAICS A. PROJECT OBJECTIVES HYDROGEN (H2) FROM WATER SPLITTING (WS) OR CO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE SPLITTING (CDS) AND LIQUID SOLAR FUELS ARE ESSENTIAL TO ADDRESS HARD-TO-ABATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. IN WS, CAPEX, ENERGY USE, AND ON/OFF TIME COMBINE TO DOMINATE COST: HIGH CAPEX AND/OR SLOW ON/OFF NECESSITATE A HIGH-CAPACITY FACTOR, INCREASING THE AVERAGE ENERGY COST, VIA THE NEED FOR STORAGE AND/OR OPERATING AT PEAK ENERGY COSTS.

Arizona State University, Scottsdale AZ

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