COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY: NEW CONDITIONAL TINA TOPIC J (BIOMINING) AWARD. CONTROL: 1953-1698 PROJECT TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CLEAN EXTRACTION OF COPPER AND CRITICAL MATERIALS FROM LOW GRADE ORES COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY WILL DEVELOP A NOVEL HYDROMETALLURGICAL PLATFORM THAT WILL EXPLOIT THE ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF COPPER ORES FOLLOWED BY THE BIOLOGICAL LEACHING OF THE SULFIDE MINERALS TO RECOVER COPPER METAL.