CAREER: Phonetic and Phonological Structure in Musical Surrogate Languages

Dartmouth College, Hanover NH

Investigators

Abstract

Language and music are both inherently human systems of expression. At the intersection of the two are "musical surrogate languages" - the encoding of speech onto musical instruments such as xylophone, flutes, or drums (often referred to as "talking drums"). Found all over the world, these surrogate systems allow people to communicate without ever opening their mouths by transposing linguistic elements such as pitch or speech rhythm onto the notes and rhythms of a musical instrument. Very little is known about the rules of how language is mapped to music in this way, how much these rules vary by language, instrument, or tradition, or how people can comprehend this musical code. Answering these questions will shed light on the nuances of language sound structures, which elements are most salient and accessible to speakers and musicians, and the immense overlap in the organization and processing of language and music. With the majority of musical surrogate languages critically endangered, it is essential that these linguistic traditions be captured and analyzed as they push the boundaries of human communication and can enhance language infrastructure. This project is a comparative study of musical surrogate languages grounded in detailed phonetic and phonological documentation of the spoken languages on which they are based. The research will target several surrogate systems on different instruments and in different language groups, gathering experimental data to determine the rules of surrogate encoding while building a multi-use archive of high-quality audiovisual materials. A streamlined methodology will be developed, including automated recording and transcription systems and a standardized annotation format that can be integrated with best practice tools for linguistic transcription. This methodology will be disseminated to students and other scholars to build a community of researchers who can help tackle the enormous task of documenting the world's surrogate languages. Resulting analyses will contribute to the development of a typology of surrogate speech, which can be used to identify correlations between linguistic features, musical constraints, and social uses. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.