INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ICES) SUCH AS COMPRESSION IGNITION (CI) AND SPARK IGNITION (SI) ENGINES.THIS PROJECT RELATES TO APPLICATIONS FOR DEVCOM AVMC, GVSC, NAVY, AIR FORCE AND FAA AS THESE AGENCIES ALL USE HEAVY-FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. FURTHERMORE, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ARE WIDELY USED IN CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS FOR BOTH GROUND AND AERIAL SYSTEMS. WITH INCREASED USE OF SAF FUEL FOR BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS, THE FINDING AND KNOWLEDGE CREATED FROM THIS PROJECT HOW TO ACHIEVE ROBUST IGNITION AND RELIABLY CONTROL COMBUSTION WILL ENHANCE THE INSIGHTS AND UNDERSTANDING OF UAS ENGINE OPERATION FOR A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.