THE RESEARCH EFFORT INVESTIGATES TOROIDAL PROPELLERS, SPECIFICALLY FOCUSING ON THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF WHAT DRIVES THEIR EFFICIENCY AND NOISE GENERATION. INFORMATION GATHERED UNDER THIS EFFORT COULD ONE DAY IMPACT THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL PROPELLERS FOR SMALL AIRCRAFT. THE ICING COMPONENT WILL ALSO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DANGERS OF FLYING SMALLER VEHICLES IN HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS, ALLOWING FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY LIMITS OR MITIGATION STRATEGIES.