Evolution of the Genes Involved In Formation of the Echinoderm Embryonic Skeleton

California State University-Long Beach Foundation, Long Beach CA

Investigators

Abstract

Abstract PI Brian T. Livingston. Proposal number NSF 0641535. Evolution of the genes involved in formation of the echinoderm embryonic skeleton. Echinoderms consist of five related but distinct classes. All of the adult forms have skeletons. However, only two, the sea urchins and brittle stars, have a well developed skeleton in their embryos and larvae. Dr. Livingston proposes to address how it is that these two groups activated a set of genes that leads to mineralized embryonic structures, while the other groups did not. Are the same genes involved in these two species? Are they regulated in a similar manner? If not, what has changed? Many of the genes involved in the formation of the embryonic skeleton of the sea urchin are known. Dr. Livingston therefore proposes to use molecular tools to isolate similar genes in brittle stars. By comparing the genes that are involved in making the skeleton in these two groups, he can determine what are the conserved, and therefore important, proteins involved in biomineralization. He also proposes to examine how these genes are regulated during development. Comparison of the mechanisms of gene regulation in these two groups will provide a better understanding of how complex relationships between genes arise and evolve. Dr. Livingston has a longstanding commitment to combining research and training. He will continue outreach efforts and recruitment from local high schools as well training undergraduates from diverse backgrounds in his research.