The Population and Ecological History of an Endangered Seabird

Michigan State University, East Lansing MI

Investigators

Abstract

At least 59 species of native birds have become extinct in the Hawaiian Islands since humans arrived there some 1000-1300 years ago. Early reports indicate that the endangered Hawaiian Petrel once "darkened the skies", but later declined in numbers until it was nearly extinct by the early 20th century. This study will address: 1) how large the Hawaiian Petrel population was before human arrival, 2) if Hawaiian Petrels on different islands are genetically distinct subpopulations, 3) if the diet and feeding location of Hawaiian Petrels changed over time, and 4) how changes in the population genetics or feeding ecology relate to human activities. These topics can be unmasked by analyzing DNA sequences, stable isotope values, and radiocarbon dates from bones of petrels that died during the past 3000 years - beginning before and continuing after human arrival. The study will also assess whether dramatic declines in numbers of breeding seabirds affected Hawaiian plant communities by reducing the flow of nutrients from ocean to land in the islands. The effects of humans on island and ocean ecology can be understood through studies like this one. By analyzing modern and ancient bird bones, Hawaii's past is brought to life and offers a baseline for ecological restoration and management. For example, understanding marine nutrient flow could prove important for forest and watershed conservation, and reconstructing change in petrel diets over time can enlighten fisheries management. The project engages several students and captures the interest of young Hawaiians who participate in the fieldwork, and also the interest of the press (e.g. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Aug/07/ln/hawaii708070352.html). It will include the development of creative media for the public and K-12 students.