Obesity-related hypertension: the contribution of PPAR gamma acetylation and asprosin

New York Inst Of Technology, Old Westbury NY

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Abstract

Abstract Obesity affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and is a major risk factor for the development of hypertension, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. While obesity accounts for 70% of cases of essential hypertension, the mechanisms governing obesity-related hypertension remain unresolved. Currently there are no anti-hypertensive drugs designed to treat hypertension specifically in obese patients and targeted therapy to treat this at-risk population is urgently needed. Studies have also associated obesity to stiffening of large arteries, an independent predictor for cardiovascular events that appears to precede the development of hypertension. The goal of this application is to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which obesity increases arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Clinical and experimental evidence shows that the fat surrounding arteries, termed perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) possess physiologically protective effects on the vascular system. Our preliminary data shows that western diet-induced obese mice exhibited aortic stiffness and high blood pressure, which was accompanied by hyperacetylation of PPARγ in PVAT. Furthermore, levels of asprosin, a newly discovered adipokine, is increased in the serum and thoracic aorta and mesenteric PVAT from obese mice. Our preliminary functional data in mesenteric arteries reveal that asprosin potentiates vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, indicating a direct effect of asprosin in the vascular function. Strikingly, aortic stiffness was mitigated in our mice genetically engineered to mimic PPARγ deacetylation (called 2KR mice) fed a western diet. Our central hypothesis is that the PPARγ hyperacetylation- asprosin pathway in adipose tissue contributes to obesity-related aortic stiffness and hypertension. Thus, PPARγ deacetylation would be expected to protect against vascular disorders caused by obesity. The overarching goal of this work is to provide rigorous scientific evidence to support a therapeutic benefit of PPARγ deacetylation in obese patients suffering from hypertension. To address our hypothesis, two aims are proposed: (Aim 1) study whether 2KR mice are protected against obesity-induced aortic stiffness and hypertension. Aim 2) determine whether asprosin is downstream to PPARγ hyperacetylation and study its effects on vascular function. We will use a mice model of western diet-induced obesity and 2KR mice. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches in combination with pharmacological and genetic approaches will be employed to study the effects of PPARγ deacetylation and asprosin in vascular functionality. Successful completion of this project will provide novel insights into the mechanisms of the PPARγ acetylation-asprosin pathway, contribute to our understanding of obesity-related hypertension and aortic stiffness, and identify PPARγ deacetylation as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension. Support of this proposal by REAP will promote an innovative research environment at NYIT, enhance diversity in science and provide opportunities for our students to participate in clinically relevant research that may change the course of patient care.