Epidemiologic studies of maternal and early life metabolic risk

National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases

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Abstract

The ETCHED will establish a longitudinal cohort of mother/infant/child dyads among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Hispanic ethnic groups, to study the role of a combination of biological and environmental factors on infant/childhood obesity and cardio metabolic risk. Both Hispanic and AI/AN children have high prevalence of childhood obesity and associated metabolic risk. Prior research conducted at NIDDK, Phoenix, have shown that approximately 50% of Pima Indian children from diabetic pregnancies develop T2D by 25 years of age (Pettitt DJ, et al. NEJM, 1983). Since intrauterine exposure to diabetes leads to a higher risk of diabetes in the offspring, the risk might be greatly diminished by preventing diabetes during pregnancy or ameliorating its effects. Standard prenatal and obstetrical care has not been able to abolish this excess risk in the Pima Indians, which has remained unchanged from the 1940s to the early 1990s (Lindsay RS, et al. Diabetes 2000). The ETCHED study participants are from both Hispanic and AI/AN urban communities residing in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area in Arizona, and each community shares common cultural beliefs, norms, and experience similar environmental and health exposures, scientific observations from a longitudinal study that follows the health status of the population may be very informative for the community in framing health policy decisions. The ETCHED study, supported by the NIDDK Division of Intramural Research Program, plans to recruit approximately 150 pregnant mothers per year for 5-years (750 maternal/child dyads) and follow them through pregnancy, childbirth, and until the offspring's 18th birthday. The study is approved by the NIH IRB and registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03481829. The ETCHED study began enrollment at NIDDK Phoenix in April 2022. Pregnant mothers are eligible for enrollment anytime during pregnancy, currently 15 women have completed full baseline examinations and we have 7 newborns in the study. We are collecting detailed data that includes demographic, clinical, and biochemical measures from both mother and offspring to examine associations between intrauterine risk factors and adiposity in the offspring.