BLR&D Research Career Scientist Award Application
Veterans Health Administration, Decatur PA
Investigators
Linked publications & trials
Abstract
The overarching goal of my research program is to understand the molecular mechanisms of immune surveillance mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells that patrol the mucosal barrier of the lungs to control infectious diseases and cancers. My laboratory is best recognized for its contributions to the cell biology and biochemistry of MHC and MHC-like CD1d molecules. These molecules play important roles in protein and lipid antigen presentation and, thereby, control T cell and natural killer T (NKT) cell biology, respectively. In recent years, our research focus has turned toward harnessing what we have learnt in basic immunology to augment immune reaction through vaccine and adjuvant design to prevent or treat microbial infections and cancer, deathly diseases that ail humankind: We recently reported a strategy for CD8+ T cell-targeted vaccine design to identify targets that confer protective immunity against poxvirus disease (J. Clin. Invest. 123: 1976? 1987;? 2013). Using this model, we have elucidated the mechanisms of induction, maintenance and action of tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells and how Trm cells impart lung/pulmonary mucosal immunity (Cell Rep 16: 1800;? 2016). New work supported by the Research Career Scientist and the VA Merit will refine the above strategies to devise ways to identify, characterize and develop vaccine candidates against tuberculosis. Aims of this project are, (a) to identify T cell epitopes that will protect against pulmonary M tuberculosis infection in a preclinical humanized mouse model;? (b) to identify globally protective epitopes that cross MHC restriction barriers;? and (c) to characterize nanoparticle-based delivery systems for intracellular STING- targeted adjuvant and antigen delivery. Hence, as a Research Career Scientist, I hope to identify T cell epitopes that will protect against tuberculosis and devise ways to enhance immunological memory at the lung mucosal surfaces by vaccinating with subunit vaccines and intracellular adjuvants. This outcome will impact clinical management of tuberculosis as well as other respiratory infectious diseases and cancers. My research program was developed through numerous collaborations with investigators at the VA, the University Affiliate, the NIH, and at national and international institutions. I have published over 120 articles, several in top-tier journals. These works have been cited over 9,700 times, and have an h-index of 48 and an i10-index of 93. Significantly, our research has been continuously supported by federal grants over the last 20+ years and by a VA Merit Award over the last four years. In sum, I am well-poised to serve our Veterans as a Research Career Scientist. Through this appointment, I hope to enhance research in vaccines and vaccine delivery mechanisms that will utilize T cell epitopes. The emerging vaccines and delivery mechanisms will enhance immunological memory at the lung mucosal surfaces through vaccination with subunit vaccines and intracellular adjuvants to mediate protective immunity against infectious diseases and cancers. Our Veterans are exposed to deathly infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and cancers. For example, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as deployment in Korea and other South Eastern countries have contributed to the tuberculosis incidence in the US Military. A recent study identified 113 Veterans in Western US with confirmed tuberculosis diagnosis between 2010?2013. The incidence has since risen amongst our Veterans. Another study noted that of the 42 Veterans diagnosed with latent TB, only ~43% had initiated treatment and only ~31% had completed the drug regimen. This foretells a grim situation as the untreated Veteran population, especially those with latent TB infection, are potential disease transmitters;? still worse, those that do not complete the drug regimen can raise drug-resistant strains for transmission. Hence, our research and its outcomes will directly impact clinical practice paradigms against tuberculosis and other respiratory infectious diseases. Thus, our research will better the lives of Veterans.
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