Brain Emotion Circuitry-Targeted Self-Monitoring and Regulation Therapy (BE-SMART)
Yale University, New Haven CT
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY: This Exploratory Clinical Trials of Novel Interventions for Mental Disorders (RFA-MH- 16-406) grant application proposes a study of effects in adolescents/young adults of a novel psychobehavioral intervention, Brain Emotion Self-Monitoring and Regulation Therapy (BE-SMART), designed to target brain circuitry underlying impaired emotional regulation. Emotional dysregulation is common, causes suffering, disability and increasingly shows importance in suicide. Converging research, including from our group, demonstrates emotional dysregulation and its underlying brain circuitry as central in Bipolar Disorder (BD). Yet, previous psychobehavioral treatments have not translated the neuroscientific findings into targeted interventions. It is especially pressing to study targeting of this circuitry during adolescence and young adulthood, the typical period of transition from subsyndromal emotional dysregulation to BD, as data support underlying altered circuitry development during this time. Interventions that steer trajectories back on track could improve symptoms and prognosis. Moreover, BD provides a model to study dysregulation involving excessive positive, negative and mixed emotional states. Current treatments often address one emotional state, but treatments designed to address both emotional extremes are needed. Data support bottom-up daily circadian rhythm (DR), and top-down executive control (ER), mechanisms in regulating emotions. Pilot study of the BE-SMART, which included DR and ER components, provided promising initial data of improved emotional brain and behavior regulation, including findings that suggest DR and ER components both affect emotional circuitry and may affect different aspects of circuitry, behaviors and symptoms. However, these components have not been studied separately. In the R61 phase, we will separately assess engagement of emotional regulation brain circuitry (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and behavior by DR or ER components (N=26 with BD per group), at 6- and 12-week doses. If successful in demonstrating target engagement, we will use R61 data to generate an optimized, revised BE-SMART-R version. In the R33, we will perform a preliminary randomized controlled trial of adolescents and young adults with BD to test feasibility, acceptability, signals of efficacy and associations between target engagement and mood symptom improvement of BE- SMART-R (N=64), compared to a psychoeducational control intervention (N=32). This will be the basis for subsequent studies powered to establish BE-SMART-R efficacy and intervention mediators and moderators, producing an easily disseminable new intervention that may be personalized. A longterm goal is to target neurodevelopmental trajectories earlier in the disease course to prevent progression. This study has potential for tremendous scientific and public health benefit in revealing novel insights into behavioral changes that influence brain circuitry mechanisms in positive and negative valence and arousal systems, and developing BD and transdiagnostic circuitry-targeted psychobehavioral interventions.
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