Cell-Specific Visualization of Endogenous Proteins
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR
Investigators
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY A major goal of the BRAIN initiative is to understand neuronal connectivity and plasticity in the context of animal behavior. The functions and connectivity of neurons are established and manifested by their constituent proteins. Monitoring the organization of individual proteins in specific neuronal subtypes in behaving animals may therefore provide an important readout of cellular and circuit properties underlying animal behavior. However, it remains challenging to visualize endogenous synaptic protein organization in individual neurons in living animals. Most studies rely on the overexpression of fluorescently tagged proteins of interest. Protein overexpression can alter protein stoichiometry, trafficking, subcellular localization, and cell signaling, ultimately affecting cellular and circuit functions. Although ?knock-in? strategies can in principle bypass problems associated with protein overexpression, they result in global expression of the labeled protein, leading to high fluorescence background and a lack of cell-specific contrast. Other alternative labeling methods for visualizing endogenous proteins, such as the intracellular expression of fluorescently tagged intrabodies and CRISPR- mediated gene editing, also have their own limitations, including potential off-target effects. To solve the above problems, we recently developed a novel genetic strategy called endogenous labeling via exon duplication (ENABLED). We have used this method to label the critical postsynaptic marker protein PSD- 95 with the yellow fluorescent protein mVenus in all neurons, in a sparse subset of neurons, or in specific neuronal subtypes. Unlike the conventional approach to visualizing PSD-95 via overexpression, our strategy does not result in altered neuronal functions, and, for the first time, allows for the monitoring of PSD-95 at endogenous levels in individual neurons in living mice. Despite these advantages, the ENABLED strategy can be further optimized to broaden its applicability and to enhance its sensitivity. Furthermore, to comprehensively examine neuronal functions and connectivity, additional synaptic proteins will need to be labeled at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic sides. Here, we request funds to optimize the ENABLED strategy and use it to label 12 additional critical synaptic proteins in mice. We will also generate ENABLED mice in which the synaptic proteins can be labeled using different colors for simultaneous imaging. The reagents we generate will be made available to the neuroscience community to provide researchers with an unprecedented ability to monitor synaptic connectivity and plasticity under physiological conditions in behaving animals.
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