Arg and cortactin regulation of the Arp2/3 complex and its role in dendritic spine stability
Yale University, New Haven CT
Investigators
Linked publications, trials & patents
Abstract
Project Summary Dendritic spine stability is disrupted in psychiatric and neurological disorders. Dendritic spines are enriched in a highly branched cytoskeleton, containing stable and dynamic filamentous- (F-) actin pools and monomeric actin. Loss of the Abl2/Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Arg) and its interaction partner cortactin from dendritic spines causes widespread spine loss in late adolescence, but the mechanisms of how these two proteins support dendritic spine stability remain elusive. Our lab recently showed, using total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) single-filament based assays, that Arg and cortactin synergize to regulate Arp2/3-mediated actin branching. Coordinated regulation of the Arp2/3 complex via Arg and cortactin is a plausible mechanism by which these proteins support spine stability. In my research plan, I will test the hypothesis that Arg and cortactin interact to confer dendritic spine stability via regulation of the Arp2/3 complex and maintenance of the spine stable actin pool. Aim 1. To determine how Arg interacts with cortactin and the Arp2/3 complex to promote actin branch nucleation. It remains unresolved how Arg regulates the Arp2/3 complex and how cortactin coordinates with Arg to enhance this effect. To address how Arg regulates the complex, I will learn how to conduct functional TIRFM single- filament based assays to define the minimal domain of Arg that is sufficient to activate the Arp2/3 complex. My preliminary data indicate that Arg can directly bind the Arp2/3 complex. I will expand these binding assays and learn how to conduct chemical crosslinking experiments to determine (1) the minimal Arg fragment that can make a high affinity interaction with the Arp2/3 complex and (2) the subdomain contacts through which Arg interacts with the Arp2/3 complex, respectively. Finally, I will develop two methods to determine how cortactin can coordinate with Arg to stimulate Arp2/3 activation. Two-color single molecule TIRF assays will address if cortactin recruits Arg to branch points and competition binding assays will determine if cortactin functions (mechanistically) to release Arg from nascent branch points, allowing filament elongation. Aim 2. To determine the mechanisms through which Arg and cortactin regulate spine stability. Arg, cortactin and the Arp2/3 complex are concentrated in dendritic spines and each is required for spine stability, but how they interact to confer this stability is not understood. Preliminary data collected in the lab suggests that loss of cortactin initially reduces stable F-actin prior to dendritic spine destabilization. Using well-defined Arg or cortactin mutants, I will perform knockdown/complementation and confocal microscopy in cultured hippocampal neurons to determine how disruptions of Arp2/3 complex regulation affect spine dynamic behavior and stability. I will use GFP-actin fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), employing the approaches used by my collaborator, with the same mutant cohort to determine how these proteins impact spine stability via control of the stable and dynamic actin pools.
View original record on NIH RePORTER →