Mechanisms of metabolic and cognitive dysregulation after combined alcohol and THC use
University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL
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Abstract
Project Summary Alcohol and cannabis are the most commonly abused drugs and they are often used in combination, especially by adolescents. Previous work has revealed that the frequent use of either drug alone is associated with cognitive impairments, including loss of memory function, impulsivity, poor decision making, and lack of behavioral flexibility. These cognitive problems, which likely contribute to the persistence of drug addiction and poor treatment outcomes, may be heightened in those who use both drugs in combination. Metabolic dysfunction is also seen in drug abusers and the mechanisms underlying these effects may contribute to those that underlie drug-induced cognitive impairment. However, the potentially shared mechanisms for drug-induced metabolic and cognitive dysfunction have been largely unexplored. Here, we use a rat model of adolescence to investigate the co-use of alcohol and ?9-tetrahydrocannibinol (THC), the primary psychoactive drug in cannabis, and the role of the Akt-GSK3? signaling pathway in drug-induced changes in metabolic activity, synaptic plasticity and behavioral flexibility. Our preliminary data show that adolescent rats who drank moderate levels of alcohol and were exposed to synthetic THC (dronabinol), either via s.c. injection or oral self- administration, had significant changes in glucose metabolism and impaired synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that were not observed in rats exposed to either drug alone. Accordingly, we hypothesized that co-use of alcohol and THC causes dysregulation of the Akt-GSK3? signaling pathway in the mediobasal hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in insulin-mediated metabolism, and in the PFC, which is critical for normal cognition. We will test this hypothesis in both male and female rats by identifying the unique impact of adolescent alcohol and THC co-use on (1) Akt-GSK3? signaling in response to metabolic challenge in adulthood, (2) operant behavior tests of behavioral flexibility, and (3) high frequency stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity in the PFC. We expect that our results will provide new insights into how mechanisms of metabolic and synaptic signaling are integrated to control cognition, how combined use of alcohol and THC influence the developing brain to produce long term negative outcomes, and how these mechanisms are differently regulated to produce sex differences in the effects of alcohol and THC co-use. The successful completion of this research project will shape our future plans for a collaborative research program that is focused on identifying a specific hypothalamic-corticolimbic circuitry that is altered by alcohol and THC exposure. Our long-term goal is to elucidate how this circuitry mediates normal energy metabolism and cognition and how the effects of adolescent alcohol and THC co-use may be heightened compared to drug exposure in adulthood.
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