Identification of novel HIV-derived antigens
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
Investigators
Abstract
Abstract HIV peptides processed and displayed by HIV-infected cells constitutes the trigger for T cell immune recognition. The paucity of conventional HIV peptides displayed by HIV-infected cells (5% of total MHC-peptides) contrasts with the large number of documented HIV immune responses. As these responses are identified with MHC- peptide-tetramers, they bypass all steps of antigen processing and kinetics of peptide presentation defining the surface peptidome of infected cells. To identify targets of immune clearance of truly infected cells, it is critical to understand HIV antigen processing, and specifically steps occurring early in the cytosol of CD4 T cells where virus is delivered. We hypothesize that an unconventional mechanism of antigen processing yielding spliced peptides in the cytosol generates novel markers of early events of infection of CD4 T cells. HIV peptides displayed by MHC come from the intracellular degradation of HIV antigens by proteasomes and other peptidases, generating the pool of peptides available for MHC presentation. Recent studies in cancer, Lysteria and self proteomes identified spliced peptides, two non-contiguous degradation peptides reassemble inside the proteasome during antigen processing. Cancer antigen-derived and Lysteria-derived spliced epitopes elicited cytolytic CD8 T cell responses. One cancer spliced peptide in gp100 was presented by MHC as abundantly as a conventional gp100 epitope and the immunogenicity of one Lysteria protein solely relied on two spliced peptides. Thus, spliced peptides are a significant part of the repertoire of MHC-peptides (4-25% of the self peptidome), and CD8 T cells specific for spliced peptides clear abnormal cells. We present the first identification of HIV-derived spliced peptide during the cytosolic degradation of a HIV fragment in CD4 T cell extracts, which are also produced endogenously in primary HIV-infected CD4 T cells. Since peptide splicing requires proteasomes, it would occur during the degradation of incoming virions, or during the degradation of HIV defective translation products, the earliest newly synthesized HIV translation products. If peptide splicing represents 4-25% of proteasomal degradation products, one would at least double the known pool of HIV-derived MHC-peptides displayed by infected cells, which would guide the identification of novel protective immune responses and open new opportunities for immunogen design. Through a combination of biochemical and mass spectrometry assays to follow antigen degradation, to isolate intracellular and MHC-peptides combined with powerful bioinformatics tools, we propose to 1) identify unconventional HIV-derived spliced peptides processed and displayed by HIV-infected CD4 T cells, 2) assess the immunogenic potential of HIV-derived spliced peptides. This proposal builds on the expertise of the PI in antigen processing and mass spectrometry in collaboration with bioinformatics experts, and the access to samples from cohorts of HIV-infected persons from the Ragon Institute.
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