GH16-005, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection through an integrated approach: a longitudinal cohort study.
Wits Health Consortium (Pty), Ltd, Johannesburg
Investigators
Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY/ ABSTRACT The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is the most successful HIV prevention intervention globally. In 2015, South Africa adopted the WHO?s ?Option B+? PMTCT strategy;? lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women, regardless of CD4 count. However, the early effectiveness of PMTCT, especially in low resource settings is largely centered on pregnant women and very early infant diagnosis with less emphasis on preventing transmission to infants born to HIV-positive women infants further along the PMTCT cascade. In the City of Johannesburg (CoJ), despite the recommendation in the South African National Department of Health (SANDoH) guidelines for an integrated approach to maternal and child health, maternal HIV re-testing postpartum, infant testing beyond 10 weeks and maternal viral load testing are currently not well integrated into the Expanded Programme for Immunisation (EPI) even though the postpartum period is a recognised high risk period for poor maternal adherence to ART and subsequent transmission of HIV to infants. The barriers to implementation of this integrated approach are largely unknown. Current programme indicators on infant HIV testing are difficult to interpret because of difficulties with data quality and accurate denominators;? there are currently no postpartum programme indicators on maternal re-testing or maternal viral load monitoring. Poor implementation of postpartum HIV testing and monitoring of HIV- infected women and/or recording of these activities has resulted in a void of information on the maternal and infant HIV incidence in the postpartum period in this high maternal HIV prevalence setting. Finally, low male partner involvement in PMTCT programmes in South Africa is well recognised but has not been effectively addressed in our setting. In order to address these gaps to PMTCT in the postpartum period, the proposed study will apply the EPI-integrated approach recommended by the SANDoH to mother- infant pairs (MIP) with the aim to: (1) estimate the HIV incidence and associated risk factors in women and infants;? assess the demand, practicality and integration requirements for this approach, evaluate the acceptability, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of an HIV rapid test in HIV-exposed infants;? (2) assess maternal viral load testing and adherence monitoring;? and (3) elucidate female perspectives on male partner involvement in PMTCT and HIV testing. This study will be conducted over a period of 24 months in sub-district F of the CoJ, a high HIV burden HIV PEPFAR priority district. The data obtained from this study will be used to develop an EPI-integrated HIV testing and management algorithm, aimed at increasing the implementation, uptake and understanding of postpartum aspects of mother-infant HIV care and prevention.
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