Characterization of Interferon Kappa as a Novel Target in Cutaneous Lupus

University Of Michigan At Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor MI

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs) are increased in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) lesions and contribute to disease pathogenesis, yet skin-intrinsic sources of type I IFN have not been explored. Keratinocytes are the primary source of IFN kappa (?), a type I IFN that is a genetic risk factor for cutaneous lupus, significantly upregulated in CLE skin lesions, and is produced more robustly from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) vs. control keratinocytes. Importantly, neutralization of IFN? signaling eliminates hyper-inflammatory responses to ultraviolet light and toll-like receptor agonists in SLE keratinocytes. Thus, IFN? primes the abundant cutaneous inflammatory response in SLE. It is consequently critical to understand the regulation of IFN? and its role in regulation of inflammatory cytokine production and recruitment of cellular infiltrates as IFN? may prove to be a specific target for treatment or prevention of cutaneous lesions, and its specific inhibition may consequently avoid side effects from systemic blockade of other type I IFNs. The overall objective for this project is to define the mechanisms and consequences of aberrant regulation of IFN? in SLE skin. It is hypothesized that hyper- production of IFN? is a mechanism by which SLE keratinocytes are primed to overproduce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and consequently increase inflammatory responses and that IFN? will thus serve as a specific and viable target for prevention or treatment of SLE-associated skin lesions. The proposal will address this hypothesis through investigation of the following: Aim 1: Identify the mechanisms underlying increased production of IFN? in lupus keratinocytes. Regulation of IFN? by IFNs, STING signaling and methylation changes will be explored in control and SLE (including consideration of CLE subtypes) keratinocytes. Aim 2: Identify the mechanisms by which keratinocyte-produced IFN? promotes inflammatory responses. Effects of IFN? on keratinocyte IFN production, monocyte, dendritic cell, and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment and activation in vitro and in vivo will be explored. Aim 3: Identify the in vivo impact of IFN? overexpression on cutaneous inflammation and systemic autoimmunity. Characterization of cutaneous and systemic autoimmunity and response to cutaneous inflammatory stimuli will be completed in a novel mouse that overexpresses IFN? in the epidermis. Completion of this work will support a paradigm shift in which keratinocyte-derived IFN? is recognized as an important step for priming and persistence of a hyper-inflammatory response in SLE skin and is identified as a specific target for future treatment and prevention of SLE-associated skin lesions.