Mechanistic Insights into Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and its Influence on Systemic Energy Metabolism
University Of Texas Med Br Galveston, Galveston TX
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The long-term objectives of this project are to acquire fundamental knowledge about the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in energy metabolism and to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of metabolic disease. The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression via site- specific DNA binding. Recent data have implicated the AHR in transcriptional modulation of the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). FGF21 is secreted from the liver and promotes a thermogenic brown adipose tissue-like phenotype in white fat deposits. Exogenous FGF21 administration in various models of obesity consistently results in reduced weight gain and fat deposition. My previous data indicate that the activation of Fgf21 gene expression by several different transcription factors is attenuated with pre-exposure to AHR agonist, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Since the original submission, I have generated data that demonstrate AHR loss promotes weight loss, hepatocyte FGF21 output, and the formation of a brown adipose tissue-like phenotype in perigonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT). Utilizing a hepatocyte-targeted AHR-FGF21 double knockout (DKO) mouse model, I further show that this phenotype is dependent upon FGF21 expression. Preliminary data indicate that AHR loss protects against a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge by reducing weight gain and adiposity. The underlying hypothesis of the proposed research is that AHR loss releases constitutive AHR-dependent suppression of Fgf21 transcription to protect against HFD-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, two specific aims are proposed. The first specific aim will characterize how AHR deletion can protect against high-fat dietary challenge through increased hepatocyte FGF21 production, and employs a sophisticated in vivo methodology to reintroduce AHR expression into AHR-deficient mice and FGF21 expression into DKO mice. Specific aim two will interrogate the mechanism via which the AHR modulates Fgf21 transcription within a native chromatin setting. Chromatin immunoprecipitations and state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing techniques will be used in this aim to reconcile AHR agonist-driven changes in Fgf21 gene expression with temporal AHR binding events at three specific DREs within the Fgf21 promoter. Successful completion of the proposed studies will provide a comprehensive assessment of how the AHR modulates hepatic Fgf21 expression, help cultivate a better molecular understanding of the role of the AHR in energy homeostasis, and may identify the AHR as a potential ?druggable? target in the development of therapeutic treatments against metabolic disease. Consistent with the applicant?s career development objectives, the proposed innovative experiments and mentored training plan are tailored to provide training in sophisticated techniques and to aid in the transition to independence.
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