Investigating how signaling via adhesion GPCR Latrophilins regulates synapse formation and specificity in the hippocampus
Stanford University, Stanford CA
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Abstract
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Neural circuit assembly requires the orchestration of multiple molecular processes, including axonal pathfinding, target recognition, synapse specification, and molecular organization of the pre- and postsynaptic compartment. However, the molecular networks and signaling pathways underlying synapse formation and specification within neural circuits remain poorly understood. Cell adhesion molecules are emerging as essential regulators of synapse formation, organization, and specificity. The adhesion-class GPCR Latrophilins (Lphn) are candidate synaptic cell adhesion molecules with putative cAMP-mediated GPCR signaling capabilities. We found that Lphn3 is highly expressed in hippocampal neurons and localized to the postsynaptic compartment. Conditional KO (cKO) of Lphn3 in hippocampal neurons diminished excitatory synaptic strength in a manner that required GPCR function. Expression analysis in vivo revealed that Lphn2 and Lphn3 exhibit distinct expression patterns along the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendritic arbor, with Lphn2 enriched in the stratum lacunosum- moleculare (s.l.m.), and Lphn3 enriched in the stratum oriens (s.o.) and stratum radiatum (s.r.) of the CA1. Cell- autonomous cKO of Lphn2 or Lphn3 in CA1 pyramidal cells resulted in synapse loss and reduced excitatory synaptic strength in the s.l.m or s.o./s.r., respectively. Thus, Lphn2 and Lphn3 function as postsynaptic adhesion molecules that regulate synapse specification from Perforant path inputs into the s.l.m. and Schaffer collateral inputs into the s.o./s.r., respectively. Our results define a novel cell adhesion and signaling pathway mediated by Lphns that regulates synapse formation and specificity in the hippocampal CA1. Current efforts are focused on assessing the role of Lphn2/3 GPCR function in hippocampal CA1 synapse specificity, and the behavioral consequences of Lphn3 cKO in the CA1. My career goal is to lead a research program as a principal investigator in academia focused on advancing our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of neural circuit development and function, how circuits generate behavior, and how aberrant neural circuit function underlies neurological disorders. To obtain this goal, I am currently focused on publishing my ongoing postdoctoral studies, and will complete additional postdoctoral intellectual and technical training, including in optogenetics and mouse behavioral assays. These skills will complement my current training, and allow me to investigate the questions I will pursue during my independent career, which will span from molecular mechanisms to behavior. Future research during the independent phase will study the neuronal function of the adhesion-class GPCR CELSRs (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor), which are related to Lphns and exhibit synaptic localization. CELSRs, together with Lphns, are the only adhesion GPCRs conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, suggesting they may mediate universal functions. These studies will focus on investigating the GPCR signaling pathways utilized by Lphns and CELSRs, and the role of CELSRs in neural circuit assembly and function.
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