The role of adenosine A(2A) receptor activation on the behavioral and plasticity response to nicotine in a rodent model of schizophrenia
East Tennessee State University, Johnson City TN
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Abstract
A major issue in schizophrenia (SZ) is tobacco smoking, which leads to lung cancer, poor quality of life, and negative health outcomes. The adenosine system represents a novel pharmacological treatment target, because adenosine may contribute to both psychosis and substance abuse comorbidity in SZ. Adenosine A2A receptors form a heteromeric complex with dopamine D2 receptors in the brain that is mutually inhibitory. Adenosine A2A agonists reduce D2 receptor sensitivity, whereas D2 agonists reduce A2A receptor sensitivity. This is important, because increased D2 receptor sensitivity underlies psychosis in SZ. This application centers around a rodent model of SZ of D2 sensitivity, with rats neonatally treated with the dopamine D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (neonatal quinpirole treatment, NQ). NQ treatment results in increased D2 receptor sensitivity throughout the animal?s lifetime without altering D2 density, consistent with SZ. In sum, preliminary data revealed that NQ enhanced the rewarding associative aspects of nicotine as well as the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) response to nicotine. These responses were reduced by adenosine A2A agonist CGS 21680 as well as the antipsychotic clozapine. In addition, NQ treatment has been shown to result in auditory sensorimotor gating deficits, a behavioral hallmark of SZ. The overall hypothesis is that NQ-induced enhancement of the behavioral response to nicotine and auditory sensorimotor gating deficits can be mitigated by adenosine A2A activation in combination with clozapine and changes in BDNF and GDNF signaling cascades. Aim 1 will analyze potential synergistic effects of the A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 and clozapine on nicotine CPP and auditory sensorimotor gating in adolescent NQ-treated male and female rats. Aim 1a will then test the hypothesis that CGS 21680 combined with clozapine will most effectively reduce NQ-induced enhancement of nicotine CPP. Aim 1b will test the hypothesis that CGS 21680 alone will reduce, and in combination with clozapine will alleviate, sensorimotor gating deficits produced by NQ, showing that adenosine A2A receptor activation is effective to treat both nicotine abuse and psychosis-like symptoms. Aim 2 will investigate whether CGS 21680 will reduce enhanced dopamine and glutamate release in the NAcc in adolescent NQ-treated male and female rats. We hypothesize that A2A receptor activation via reverse microdialysis infusion into the brain will reduce enhanced dopamine and glutamate release in response to nicotine in NQ-treated rats tested in adolescence. Aim 3 will analyze common downstream neurobiological targets of BDNF and GDNF in NQ-treated animals administered CGS 21680 in adolescence. We hypothesize that A2A receptor activation combined with clozapine will mitigate the downstream response of proteins common to both the BDNF and GDNF signaling cascades in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, brain areas that are implicated in drug addiction and psychosis respectively.
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