Expansion of regulatory T cells as a means of tolerance induction in treatment oftype 1 diabetes
University Of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago IL
Investigators
Linked publications, trials & patents
Abstract
Abstract. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the T-cell mediated destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing b?-cells (1, 2). Current standard of treatment is limited to life-long insulin therapy (1, 2). In previous studies, we have reported the treatment of mice with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prevented the development of T1DM in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice through the mobilization of a specific subset of dendritic cells (DCs) that could stimulate the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo (11, 12). Similarly, DCs generated from bone marrow (BM) precursor cells cultured with GM-CSF (G-BMDCs) were capable of expanding Tregs ex vivo in a contact- dependent manner, independent of TCR activation (13). Furthermore, we determined OX40L was one of the critical surface bound molecules on G-BMDCs that facilitated this phenomenon of Treg expansion suggesting OX40L+ DCs may play a role in physiological Treg homeostasis (13). The aims of this research project is to define this OX40L+ tolerogenic DC subset induced by GM-CSF ex vivo, identify the physiological counterpart in vivo, confirm the functionally suppressive capacity of DC-expanded Tregs, and determine the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs in the treatment of T1DM. CD11c+OX40L+G-BMDCs will be generated ex vivo from bone-marrow precursor cells isolated from NOD mice and characterized for the expression of various subset-specific DC surface markers, chemokine receptors, and lineage specific markers. Subsequently, NOD mice treated with GM-CSF will be analyzed for tissue compartmentalization of OX40L+CD11c+ DCs, and this specific DC subset will also be analyzed for the various surface markers as stated in the previous experiment. Furthermore, we will also isolate OX40L+CD11c+ DCs from GM-CSF treated NOD mice and assess the degree of DC-stimulated Treg expansion. We will assess the suppressive function of the DC-expanded Tregs by analyzing various markers highly implicated in Treg suppressive function and performing Treg suppressive assays to unequivocally confirm the immunoregulatory function of these DC-expanded Tregs. Once we have established and identified a distinct subset of tolerogenic DCs ex vivo and in vivo, OX40L+CD11c+G-BMDCs generated ex vivo will be adoptively transferred into pre-diabetic NOD mice and T1DM suppression will be monitored to confirm the tolerogenic phenotype of these OX40L+CD11c+G-BMDCs. Lymphocytes from treated NOD mice will be analyzed for Treg expression and cytokine secretion to further elucidate T1DM suppression is mediated through DC-induced expansion of functionally suppressive Tregs. Additionally, Tregs will be isolated from OX40L+CD11c+G-BMDCs recipients and will be further tested for the ability to suppress the manifestation of T1DM by CD4+ T-cell co-transfer to histocompatible, immunodeficient NOD.scid mice. The valuable knowledge gained from these experiments will provide new insights that could lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies of expanding Tregs in vivo in the treatment of T1DM.
View original record on NIH RePORTER →