Maternal Health After Stillbirth: An Investigation of Postpartum Hospital Readmission in California
Stanford University, Stanford CA
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this proposal is to expand knowledge of health risks of women who have a stillbirth, specifically by investigating postpartum hospital readmissions. Stillbirth is defined as delivery at or after 20 weeks? gestation of an infant who died in utero. It is one of the most devastating outcomes affecting pregnant women. Evidence suggests that relative to women who have a live birth, women who have a stillbirth may be at increased risk of adverse health outcomes not just at delivery but also postpartum. Very few studies have examined maternal morbidity after stillbirth, the one exception being mental health problems, such as depression. This proposal focuses on a specific aspect of maternal health after stillbirth ? postpartum hospital readmission ? as a key indicator for the most severe maternal morbidity that occurs after stillbirth. We are unaware of any prior large-scale studies of hospital readmission after stillbirth. Our objective is to determine the incidence, indications and predictors of hospital readmission after stillbirth. We will use a unique dataset that includes 35,000 stillbirths from a cohort of 8 million births from 1998-2012 in California, which represents 1 in 8 U.S. births. Each birth year includes data from birth and fetal death certificates linked with maternal hospital discharge records. Our Specific Aims are as follows. Aim 1: Determine the incidence of and indications for postpartum hospital readmission up to 1 year after delivery among women who had a stillbirth. This will include an investigation of whether these outcomes are different among women who had a live birth, and whether the most common indications for hospitalization vary based on time from delivery (e.g., <42 days versus later). Our hypotheses are that incidence of readmission is higher among women who had a stillbirth versus live birth, and that the most common indications for readmission vary as the first year postpartum progresses. Aim 2: Identify risk factors for postpartum readmission among women who had a stillbirth. We will examine sociodemographic factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, education, parity), pregnancy- and delivery-related factors (e.g., maternal morbidities, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery), and hospital characteristics (e.g., obstetric volume). Our hypothesis is that a combination of patient- and hospital-level factors influence the risk of maternal readmission after stillbirth. We will primarily use survival analysis techniques to address both Aims. Our proposal is innovative in that it represents a shift for research on stillbirth ? most research focuses on its immediate causes, whereas we propose to focus on its consequences for the mother. In sum, our unique study questions, data, and rigorous analytic approaches will enable us to substantially advance current understanding of the impact of stillbirth on maternal health and make substantial strides toward understanding how best to minimize the adverse impacts of this unfortunate outcome. Our findings will pave the way for the development of a reliable system for improving the postpartum care, counseling, and, ultimately, the health of this potentially high-risk group of women.
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